Raymond Charles Horsch aka Raymond Hoersch aka R.C Horsch

May 5, 1943

• Raymond Charles Horsch was born in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.

1940s

• Raymond’s father was Raymond C. Hoersch Sr., a World War II veteran associated with the 310th Troop Carrier Squadron, 315th Troop Carrier Group. Unit records list Raymond C. Hoersch at a Chalfont address. Source
• Note: Later reporting described Raymond Jr. as the son of a World War II glider pilot.
• Raymond later described his childhood as pleasant. During a 1985 psychological evaluation, he described his father as “strict but fair” and his mother as a “salt of the earth type.” The evaluation said he had been raised on a farm. Source⁠

1955–1956

• When Raymond was 12 or 13, he later told psychologist Don Seraydarian that he experienced what he called a “philosophical split with his family.” He said the disagreement changed his relationship with his family and led to rebellious behavior during high school.

1961

• Raymond graduated from Central Bucks High School. He was a National Merit Scholar and editor of a school magazine. Raymond later characterized his teenage self as a socially awkward, academically oriented youth. Source

1960s

• Raymond attended college but was reportedly expelled from two colleges, according to information he provided during his 1985 psychological evaluation. Source

June 13, 1964

• Raymond Charles Hoersch Jr. and his 19-year-old high-school sweetheart, Judith Emma Davis, filed a marriage license application in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Both reported no previous marriages. The county recorded their marriage license under No. 80310. Source 

June 20, 1964

• Raymond Charles Hoersch Jr. and Judith Emma Davis were married in Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Minister Wilson H. Hartzell officiated the ceremony. Source 

October 17, 1965

• Raymond C. Hoersch Jr. voluntarily enlisted in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard. After completing basic training, he was assigned to a Ready Reserve unit to complete the remainder of his six-year military obligation. Source

October 30, 1969

• At age 26, Raymond Hoersch was operating Underground Cinema 16, a small 16-millimeter theater at 2021 Sansom Street in Philadelphia. A contemporary newspaper report described it as Philadelphia’s first commercial venture into noncommercial underground theater and said Raymond had helped finance the operation while also working on a low-budget $80,000 film of his own.  Source
• After operating for about two weeks, Philadelphia’s Department of Licenses and Inspections ordered Underground Cinema 16 closed because it lacked required licenses. Raymond attributed the problem to a “simple confusion” over city requirements. Police were instructed to keep the theater closed while L&I arranged an inspection. Source
• Raymond told the newspaper that he had personally remodeled the theater, including tearing out the stage, installing plush blue seats removed from a small preview theater, remodeling the lobby, displaying some of his own white-framed photographs, and building a projection booth.
• Underground Cinema 16 had opened with the underground films Lenny Bruce and Relativity. Raymond said that, if the city approved it, the theater would continue receiving films from the Filmmakers Cooperative in New York. At the time it was shut down, the theater had planned to screen a preview of the Vietnam War documentary In the Year of the Pig. Source

December 13, 1969

• Hoersch missed two periods of scheduled National Guard training. He reportedly telephoned his unit commander and said he was ill, but failed to provide the required documentation. These two absences were ultimately not included among the eight unexcused absences used to order him to active duty. Source

February 7, 1970

• Hoersch reported for scheduled training on February 7 but was told that his appearance did not meet military standards because his uniform was not cleaned or pressed, his boots were dirty, and his hair was too long. His commander permitted him to leave and told him he would receive credit for the morning period if he returned in proper appearance. He did not return and was also absent from additional training periods on February 8. Source

March 3, 1970

• Hoersch’s National Guard unit requested orders requiring him to enter involuntary active duty. Source

March 6, 1970

• Hoersch made his first written request for permission to wear his hair long, explaining that the hairstyle was required for his civilian employment as a motion-picture producer. Source

July 19, 1970

• Hoersch was required to report for active duty at Fort Dix, New Jersey, but he did not report. The federal court record states that Hoersch “never reported for active duty.” Source

July 22, 1970

• Hoersch received his Pennsylvania Army National Guard discharge certificate and a copy of his special orders by registered mail. The special orders stated that he was discharged from the National Guard because he was ordered to active duty as an Army reservist. Source

July 29, 1970

• The Army notified Hoersch’s wife by letter that he had been absent without leave (AWOL) from Fort Dix since July 19, 1970. She was asked to advise him to report immediately to the nearest military installation. Source

1970

• Raymond’s first wife left him, ending the marriage that began in 1964. Source

April 26, 1971

• Ray Hoersch was working as an underground 35mm filmmaker at The Renaissance Studio, 752 S. 2nd Street in Philadelphia. A Philadelphia Daily News feature documented Hoersch filming model Erika Lindenberg during a production involving a live python. The article also placed photographer John Butterworth’s equipment inside the studio, documenting Hoersch’s association with Butterworth before their later film collaboration. Source⁠

April 5, 1972

• Hoersch returned to military control at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Source

April 6, 1972

• Hoersch went AWOL again, one day after returning to military control. Source

September 17, 1973

• Clara R. Hoersch and Raymond C. Hoersch, Ray Horsch’s parents, were recorded as owners of 523 N. Main Street in Chalfont, Pennsylvania, through a quitclaim deed transaction recorded the same day. The property, built in 1948, consisted of a 2,422-square-foot home on a 25,000-square-foot lot, identified as APN 07-004-008. Source

January 26, 1973

• Raymond C. Horsch, who later used the name Raymond “R.C.” Horsch, pleaded guilty to passing bad checks in South Carolina. Horsch later became an erotic photographer, filmmaker, writer, and producer whose work frequently incorporated violent sexual themes. Source
• Raymond directed the 1973 adult film The Erotic Memoirs of a Male Chauvinist Pig. The film included depictions of sexual violence, bondage, and a drug-addicted woman. Source

May 10, 1974

• Pursuant to an order of the U.S. District Court, Hoersch surrendered to the United States Marshal. He was released on a $500 bond while the court considered his legal challenge to the Army’s actions. Source

October 11, 1974

• The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania issued its decision in Raymond C. Hoersch v. Robert F. Froehlke, Secretary of the Army, Civil Action No. 72-1759. Hoersch sought a declaration that his involuntary active-duty orders were invalid and that he was no longer a civilian subject to military jurisdiction. Source
• The court rejected Hoersch’s constitutional, notice, and due-process challenges. It found that his involuntary active-duty orders were properly issued under military regulations, complied with procedural due process, and fell within valid military jurisdiction.
• The court specifically rejected Hoersch’s argument that he had not received his active-duty orders. Although he had not physically received the original orders, the court found that he had actual and constructive knowledge that the orders existed, noting his correspondence with military authorities and his appeal challenging the activation.
• The court ultimately found that Hoersch “was properly ordered to involuntary active duty” and remained “subject to military control.” The court denied his petition for declaratory judgment.

December 10, 1974

• Federal agents seized $180,000 in counterfeit currency and arrested Raymond Hoersch, 31, of 523 N. Main Street, Chalfont, and Charles Griffith, 39, of Wallingford, Delaware County, on federal counterfeiting charges. Source
• The investigation began after the Hatboro Card Shop on Old York Road reported that Hoersch had passed a suspicious $10 bill. Hatboro police apprehended Hoersch, and the U.S. Secret Service, acting under a search warrant, subsequently recovered $630 in counterfeit $10 bills from his vehicle. Source
• Secret Service Agent James D’Amelio said investigators believed the counterfeiting operation was still in its early stages and that relatively few of the counterfeit bills had entered circulation. Hoersch’s driver’s license and vehicle registration were also determined to be counterfeit. Source
• Investigators traced the operation to a small building on Taylor Street in Doylestown, where authorities found the equipment used to print the counterfeit bills. The operation was also producing counterfeit operator’s cards and vehicle-registration certificates. Authorities arrested Griffith at the Taylor Street building. Source
• Authorities identified 523 N. Main Street in Chalfont as Hoersch’s parents’ home, where Raymond had recently been living. Hoersch was described as unemployed and reportedly told authorities that he had not worked for 11 years and traveled consistently.
• U.S. Secret Service agents determined that Raymond Hoersch’s driver’s license and vehicle registration were counterfeit. Investigators also found that the Doylestown counterfeiting operation was producing counterfeit operator’s cards and vehicle-registration certificates. Hoersch faced additional charges related to operating a vehicle using a false driver’s license and registration. Source
• Hoersch and Griffith could not post bail on the federal counterfeiting charges and were committed to the Philadelphia Detention Center. Hoersch also faced additional charges related to operating a vehicle using a false driver’s license and registration. Authorities said additional arrests were expected. Source

December 11, 1974

• Federal authorities announced the seizure of approximately $180,000 in counterfeit $10 bills connected to the investigation of Raymond Hoersch and Charles J. Griffith. The Secret Service said investigators believed they had confiscated all the counterfeit currency involved, but the investigation remained open and additional arrests were possible. Source
• Hoersch and Griffith were arraigned before U.S. Magistrate Edwin Naythons and released on $25,000 bail each. Source

February 4, 1977

• Raymond C. Hoersch, also known as Richard Harris, was arrested by the Drug Enforcement Administration for manufacturing methamphetamine and possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine, both violations of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania prosecuted the case under Docket No. 77-CR-89. Source⁠

February 5, 1977

• Hoersch’s arrest and the seizure of the methamphetamine-manufacturing laboratory equipment were publicly reported. Source

February 25, 1978

• Clara R. Hoersch, mother of Raymond aka Ray Horsch, Virginia Killian, and Helen M. Mitchell, acquired two parcels of property in Plumstead Township, Bucks County. Together, the properties comprised approximately 20 acres and were later identified as Bucks County Tax Parcels 34-11-37 and 34-011-030. Source⁠

1980

• Raymond married Myroslawa Anna Ferkuniak in Nevada while using the Stanley Eugene Stokowski identity. Source
• Raymond and Anna subsequently traveled to New Zealand while Raymond was a fugitive from U.S. authorities. They settled in Timaru, where Raymond used Stokowski’s identity and fraudulent academic credentials to obtain work with an alternative-fuels company.

1981

• Eugene Albert Horsch was born to Raymond “R.C.” Horsch and Anna Ferkuniak Horsch, while Raymond “R.C.” Horsch remained a fugitive from federal authorities. Source

1984

• Raymond was caught attempting to re-enter New Zealand with five fraudulent passports. The discovery prompted scrutiny in New Zealand over how a fugitive using another man’s identity had obtained employment as a chemist.
• Raymond left New Zealand before authorities could prosecute him there. Anna and Eugene remained behind temporarily before later returning to the United States. Source

April 2, 1985

• While incarcerated at the Philadelphia Detention Center, Raymond C. Hoersch was identified as executive secretary of the Betterment Committee Association and inmate representative for the Pennsylvania Prison Society. The Philadelphia Daily News published his guest opinion, “…And Throw Away the Key? It Doesn’t Work,” in which he criticized punitive incarceration and advocated rehabilitation and education. Source⁠

April 24, 1985

• Raymond C. Hoersch, also known as Richard Harris, was sentenced in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania to 3 years in prison and 5 years of probation following his felony controlled-substance conviction stemming from his February 4, 1977 DEA arrest for manufacturing methamphetamine and possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine. Source⁠
• A sentencing memorandum filed by federal defender Sally A. Kocher included findings from a psychological evaluation of Hoersch. The psychologist reported an IQ of 140, describing his intellectual ability as exceeding that of 99% of people, while also documenting psychological and emotional concerns. These characterizations were findings reported in the evaluation submitted for sentencing, not an independent assessment. Source
• By this time, Hoersch’s criminal history included a 1972 North Carolina conviction for forging checks and a 1974 federal counterfeiting conviction, for which he had received a two-year sentence. Source

April 27, 1985

• The Philadelphia Daily News reported Hoersch’s four-year sentence and detailed his eight years as a fugitive, his work and businesses while on the run, his prior convictions, and information presented to the federal judges during sentencing. Source

1987

• Raymond Horsch was released early from federal prison and moved his family to Northeast Philadelphia. Raymond worked as an IT director, while Anna cleaned houses.

December 5, 1987

• Michael Ferkuniak and Maria Ferkuniak, the parents of M. Anna Horsch, transferred 1101 Devereaux Avenue, Philadelphia, to their daughter Anna and her husband, Raymond C. Horsch, for $1. The deed conveyed the property to Raymond and Anna as tenants by the entirety. The Philadelphia Real Estate Transfer Tax Certification described the transaction as a transfer “from Parents to Child.” The property had previously belonged to Michael and Maria Ferkuniak. Source

July 28, 1989

• Myroslawa Anna Ferkuniak Horsch, Eugene’s mother and Raymond’s wife, died at age 39. Source
• Anna’s obituary described her death as occurring after a lengthy illness. Later reporting based on additional records states that Anna died from an accidental overdose involving glutethimide and codeine.
• Eugene was seven years old and was reportedly in the room when his mother overdosed.
• Following Anna’s death, Raymond became Eugene’s primary parent. Raymond and Eugene subsequently moved to a three-bedroom house in Chalfont, Bucks County, near relatives.

October 1989

• Raymond C. Horsch purchased the property at 520 Airy Avenue for $137,500. Source

December 20, 1989

• Less than five months after Anna’s death, Raymond C. Horsch, identified in the deed as a widower, transferred 1101 Devereaux Avenue back to Anna’s parents, Michael and Maria Ferkuniak, for $1. The transfer-tax certification described the transaction as a deed “from son-in-law to his mother and father-in-law” and noted that Raymond had not remarried. The records reviewed do not state why Raymond returned the property to Anna’s parents, and the original 1987 deed contains no identified requirement that the property be returned following Anna’s death. Source

1990s

• Raymond Horsch met Amy Teresa McHale while McHale was in her 20s. According to McHale’s family, she struggled with addiction and mental-health issues. The two became a couple and remained connected for years. Source

April 15, 1991

• Butterworth’s Hickory Pit was registered with the Pennsylvania Department of State as a fictitious name, Entity No. 2019979. The principal address was listed as North Wales Train Station, North Wales, Pennsylvania 19454, and the state business record identified Raymond C. Horsch and John R. Butterworth as owners. Source⁠

September 16, 1991

• A Pennsylvania fictitious-name registration for Butterworth’s Hickory Pit listed Raymond C. Horsch and John R. Butterworth as the registrants. The business location was listed as the North Wales Train Station, North Wales, Pennsylvania. Source⁠

November 19, 1991

• 7:50 p.m., Raymond C. Hoersch Sr., 73, of Chalfont Borough, Bucks County, was struck by a car while walking home and crossing Main Street near Peace Valley Road in Chalfont. The vehicle was driven by Leonard Catanzaro, 50, of Horsham. Chalfont Officer Sean Kehoe said Hoersch was hearing-impaired and wearing dark clothing and was crossing a dimly lit section of the road with no crosswalk, intersection, or traffic light. Hoersch suffered massive head injuries and two broken legs and was transported by helicopter to Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia. Source⁠

November 20, 1991

• Raymond C. Hoersch Sr. was pronounced dead at 5:00 a.m. at Hahnemann University Hospital from injuries sustained when he was struck by the vehicle the previous evening. Chalfont police said the investigation into the collision was continuing. Source⁠

July 29, 1993

• Rotelle Inc. filed a civil complaint in assumpsit against Raymond C. Horsch, John R. Butterworth, and Butterworth’s Hickory Pit in Bucks County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 1993-06407. The court record listed all three defendants at 409 E. Butler Pike, New Britain, Pennsylvania 18901. Source

August 4, 1993

• 2:20 p.m., a sheriff’s deputy served Raymond Horsch and John Butterworth by personally delivering the papers to Butterworth, whom the return identified as a co-owner. The case was later terminated in 1996. Source⁠

September 6, 1993

• Raymond C. Horsch, doing business as Butterworth’s Hickory Pit, at 520 Airy Avenue in Chalfont, Pennsylvania, filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. The filing listed $194,456.14 in assets and $351,419.73 in liabilities, according to a bankruptcy notice published Source

December 17, 1993

• The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Revenue filed a lien against Butterworth’s Hickory Pit, Raymond Horsch, and John R. Butterworth in Bucks County, Case No. 1993-73521. The lien concerned a tax period of July 1 through September 30, 1992 and totaled $556.41. The court record listed Butterworth’s Hickory Pit, Raymond Horsch, and John R. Butterworth at 520 Airy Avenue, Chalfont, Pennsylvania 18914, directly associating Horsch’s Chalfont residence with the business and Butterworth. A notice of discharge in bankruptcy was later filed on January 6, 2003. Source⁠

December 29, 1994

• An exhibition of R.C. Horsch’s erotic photography opened at The Gallery at Dressing for Pleasure, located at 590 Valley Road in Upper Montclair, New Jersey. The newspaper advertisement described Horsch’s work as “Erotic Photography at its finest” and stated that the photographs were available for purchase. The exhibition was scheduled to run through February 25, 1995. Contemporary records confirm that Dressing for Pleasure operated at 590 Valley Road under the telephone number (201) 746-5466 and specialized in fetish merchandise, including leather, latex, PVC clothing, corsets and bondage gear. Source

February 25, 1995

• The scheduled exhibition of R.C. Horsch’s erotic photography at The Gallery at Dressing for Pleasure concluded. Contemporary listings described Dressing for Pleasure as an Upper Montclair fetish boutique and confirmed the same 590 Valley Road address and (201) 746-5466 telephone number advertised in connection with the venue. Source

1996

• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch’s Eroto website dates its copyright to 1996, providing direct evidence that his online photography presence was established by that year. The site was operated under R.C. Hörsch / Eroto~ and Internet Marketing Corporation. Source
• In a biographical note published on Eroto, Horsch described himself primarily as an artist rather than a photographer, explaining that his work consisted of deliberately constructed compositions rather than simply documenting events. The biography stated that his work increasingly explored sexual themes and reflected what it characterized as an increasingly obsessive artistic focus. Source
• Eroto.com site operated as an online gallery and subscription site where paying members could access Horsch’s photographs and videos. Later reporting described the material as including sexualized violence and women who appeared to be using injectable drugs. Source

April 30, 1997

• Seth Aaron “Ari” Mitchell, 19, son of Helen M. Mitchell and the late Leonard R. Mitchell Jr. of Chalfont, died in an automobile accident. Ari was a student at Central Bucks West High School and was described as a gifted young artist and writer. He was survived by his mother, sister Cecilia Alane Mitchell, brother O. Reid Mitchell, and grandmothers Mary Mitchell and Clara R. Hoersch, making Ari Ray Horsch’s nephew. His obituary was published May 7, 1997. Source⁠

July 14, 1997

• Helen A. Mitchell, filed a civil lawsuit against Ray Horsch in Bucks County Court of Common Pleas. The case was docketed as a Complaint in Trespass – Other, with Helen demanding less than $50,000 in damages. Raymond was personally served at 520 Airy Avenue, Chalfont, on July 18, 1997, at 6:40 a.m. An amended complaint was filed on October 2, 1997. The available docket does not disclose the underlying allegations. The court marked the case as terminated on December 29, 1999. Source⁠
• Note: Marc I. Rickles, who represented Raymond Horsch in this 1997 lawsuit, later represented Raymond in his 2009 federal criminal case and is now representing Eugene. 

February 26, 1998

• Clara R. Hoersch transferred 4979 Gayman Road in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, to her daughter Helen M. Mitchell. Property records classify the transaction as an intrafamily transfer and non-arm’s-length transaction. This transfer later became the subject of a civil lawsuit filed by Helen’s siblings, Ray aka Raymond Horsch and Virginia Killian, who alleged Helen transferred their mother’s property into her own name while acting under Clara’s power of attorney, without Clara’s knowledge or consent. They later alleged that Clara’s signature on the deed was forged. These allegations were not adjudicated in the Common Pleas action. Source⁠

June 1, 1999

• Raymond C. Horsch and Christina N. Witek filed a marriage license application in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Both listed Chalfont, Pennsylvania, as their residence and reported no previous marriages. The court issued their marriage license, No. 230092, on June 4, 1999. Source

August 2, 2000

• Helen M. Hoersch, of 417 West Chew Avenue, executed a Durable Power of Attorney appointing her nephew Raymond C. Horsch as her agent and Virginia Killian as alternate agent. The agreement specifically authorized Raymond to lease, sell, convey, or mortgage Helen’s real estate, including 417 West Chew Avenue. The Power of Attorney was not recorded with the Philadelphia Department of Records until October 26, 2007. Source

October 4, 2000

• Amy McHale was charged in Philadelphia with one count of knowing/intentional possession of a controlled substance under case number MC-51-CR-1005261-2000. The charge was withdrawn on January 24, 2001.

April 3, 2001

• Amy McHale was charged in Philadelphia under case number MC-51-CR-0402981-2001 with one count involving the purchase of a controlled substance from another person and two counts of knowing/intentional possession of a controlled substance. All charges were dismissed on August 10, 2001.

December 31, 2002

• Raymond “R.C.” Hörsch published Eroto~: To the Prurient Interest, Volume I, a collection of his erotic photography. IMC/Eroto~ published the book in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. ISBN-13: 9780972973106.  Source

2003

• Hörsch also published Eroto~: To the Prurient Interest, Volume II, the second volume of his erotic-photography collection. ISBN-13: 9780972973113. Bibliographic records date the volume to 2003. ⁠Source

May 13, 2003

• Amy McHale was charged in Philadelphia under case number MC-51-CR-0512121-2003 with one count involving the purchase of a controlled substance from another person and two counts of knowing/intentional possession of a controlled substance. The charges were dismissed on October 8, 2003.

May 31, 2003

• Clara Hoersch, mother of Ray Horsch, Virginia Killian, and Helen Mitchell, died. The disputed Plumstead Township property remained titled in Helen Mitchell’s name. Source⁠

October 29, 2003

• Amy McHale was charged in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, under case number 32-1-23CR-0000255-03. The record lists charges for intentional possession of a controlled substance by a person not registered, possession of marijuana, and disorderly conduct.

January 2004

• Eugene Horsch was convicted of aggravated assault and aggravated assault by vehicle. He was sentenced to two to four years in prison. Source

February 4, 2004

• Ray Horsch and his sister Virginia Killian filed a civil action against their sister, Helen M. Mitchell, over their late mother’s approximately 20-acre Plumstead Township property. They alleged Helen had improperly transferred the property into her own name while acting under their mother’s power of attorney and sought to have the property returned to Clara Hoersch’s estate. Source⁠

February 10, 2004

• Prosecution of the controlled-substance possession and marijuana charges from Amy McHale’s October 29, 2003 Delaware County case was withdrawn. The disorderly conduct charge was moved to non-traffic court.

April 5, 2004

• Helen M. Hoersch, Ray aka Raymond Horsch’s aunt, died at age 83 at the home of her nephew. Her obituary identified Ray Horsch as her nephew and Alice Hoersch, Helen Mitchell, and Virginia Killian as her nieces. Helen was the sister of Ray’s father, Raymond Hoersch, who had predeceased her. Source⁠ 
• Helen M. Hoersch died at age 83. Her death occurred more than three years before Raymond C. Horsch later executed a deed transferring 417 West Chew Avenue to Eugene A. Horsch while acting under the Power of Attorney Helen had granted him in 2000. Source

April 15, 2004

• Ray Horsch and Virginia Killian filed a second amended complaint, specifically alleging that Clara Hoersch’s signature on the deed transferring the property to Helen Mitchell was forged. They alleged Helen had “willfully, fraudulently, maliciously and improperly” transferred the property into her own name. The court did not find these allegations to be established. Source

June 8, 2004

• Ray Horsch and Virginia Killian’s attorney informed the court that he intended to pursue issues related to the family property dispute in Bucks County Orphans’ Court and asked that no further action be taken in the Common Pleas case. Source

July 19, 2004

• Raymond C. Horsch and Amy T. McHale filed a marriage license application in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Both listed Chalfont as their residence. Horsch reported one previous marriage, while McHale reported none. The county issued their marriage license on July 22, 2004. Source

June 22, 2004

• Ray Horsch and Virginia Killian withdrew their Common Pleas complaint against Helen Mitchell after their attorney indicated that related issues would be pursued in Orphans’ Court. The case ended without a ruling on their allegations concerning the property transfer or the alleged forged signature. Source⁠

September 10, 2004

• Raymond C. Horsch and Amy T. McHale were married in Chalfont, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Mayor Robert H. Snavely officiated their marriage, according to Bucks County Marriage License No. 251995. Source

June 1, 2006

• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch was interviewed for Bizarre Magazine in a feature titled “Heroin Erotica: Taking Photos of Naked Junkies, Then Having Sex With Them: Art or Exploitation?” Horsch said the women depicted in his photographs were heroin users and confirmed that the drug use shown in the images was real. When asked who the women were, Horsch replied, “Human beings. That is the horror, isn’t it?” He stated that three women depicted in the series were already dead and claimed the woman featured in his Heroin Chic Revisited photograph died from an overdose about a week after the image was taken. Horsch said he generally did not pay the women or directly provide their drugs, but acknowledged that he would “certainly enable” them. He said he usually met the women through acquaintances and described his photography as intended to make viewers uncomfortable. When asked why the women agreed to be photographed, Horsch said some wanted to serve as a warning to others, while others may have believed the images would become their legacy and that they would die and “that the images would be all that the images would be all of their life had been and survived.” Source⁠

June 11, 2007

• The United States filed a federal tax lien for $12,905.87 against Raymond Horsch and Amy McHale-Horsch. The Bucks County court record lists both Raymond and Amy at the same address, 520 Airy Avenue, Chalfont, Pennsylvania 18914. The lien was filed at 1:16 p.m. Source⁠

July 11, 2007

• Eugene A. Horsch was arrested in Montgomery County. Eugene had been released from his earlier prison sentence in 2006 and was not incarcerated when 417 West Chew Avenue was transferred to him several months later. The July 2007 criminal case remained pending at the time of the property transfer and ultimately resulted in Eugene pleading guilty to use or possession of drug paraphernalia on June 4, 2009, and receiving one year of probation.

October 1, 2007

• A Fee Simple Deed was executed transferring 417 West Chew Avenue directly from Helen M. Hoersch to Eugene A. Horsch for $1. Helen had died more than three years earlier. Raymond C. Horsch signed the deed on Helen’s behalf under her Power of Attorney. Eugene was not incarcerated at the time, although his criminal case stemming from the July 11, 2007 arrest remained pending. The deed does not show Raymond acquiring or owning the property before its transfer to Eugene. The available records do not establish what authority, if any, permitted Raymond to exercise Helen’s Power of Attorney after her death. Source

May 19, 2008

• Raymond Horsch filed for divorce from Amy McHale. Source

September 5, 2008

• Raymond Horsch and Amy McHale divorced. Source
• After the divorce, Amy moved in with her mother, Gloria McHale, on South Hutchinson Street in Philadelphia. Amy and Raymond remained on friendly terms, and Amy periodically returned to Raymond’s residence after he moved to West Chew Avenue in Olney. Source

July 22, 2009

• Nicole Marie Montgomery, who was staying as a guest at Raymond Horsch’s residence at 520 Airy Avenue, Chalfont, Pennsylvania, called 911 because she believed there might be a burglar inside the home. Police entered the residence to investigate but found no intruder on the upper floors and initially exited the house. According to Raymond’s later federal court filing, officers described Montgomery as highly intoxicated, and there was no evidence of forced entry. Source⁠
• While outside, officers discussed checking the basement. Montgomery told police the basement door was always locked, had a combination lock, and that she had never been inside that area of the house. Police subsequently entered the basement, where the marijuana plants involved in Raymond’s federal prosecution were found. A search-and-seizure warrant was later executed at the property by Bucks County detectives and local police. Raymond was arrested and charged with manufacturing marijuana, possession with intent to distribute marijuana plants, and firearms offenses. Source⁠

September 15, 2009

• The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania issued a federal arrest warrant for Raymond Horsch following an indictment charging him with manufacturing 100 or more marijuana plants; possession with intent to distribute 100 or more marijuana plants; possession of a short-barreled shotgun in furtherance of a drug-trafficking crime; and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Source⁠

December 3, 2009

• U.S. Bank National Association filed a mortgage foreclosure action against Raymond C. Horsch involving his property at 520 Airy Avenue, Chalfont, Pennsylvania, tax parcel 26-006-086. The bank sought damages exceeding $50,000. Source⁠

December 15, 2009

• Federal prosecutors filed an indictment against Raymond Horsch in United States v. Horsch, Case No. 2:09-cr-00794-RBS, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Raymond was prosecuted for offenses arising from the July 22, 2009 marijuana-growing and firearms investigation. Source
• Bench Warrant issued. Source

December 23, 2009

• A Bucks County Sheriff’s deputy reported being unable to personally serve Raymond at 520 Airy Avenue after three attempts. According to the sheriff’s return, notices were left, but there was no response, and the docket described Raymond as “avoiding service.” Source⁠

January 27, 2010

• Raymond Horsch was arrested in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, pursuant to the federal arrest warrant issued in United States v. Raymond Horsch, Case No. 09-794. The warrant return records the arrest date and location. Source⁠

March 5, 2010

• The court authorized substituted service on Raymond by posting the foreclosure complaint at 520 Airy Avenue, sending it by first-class mail, and sending it by certified mail. Source⁠

March 19, 2010

• At 12:06 p.m., a Bucks County Sheriff’s deputy posted the foreclosure complaint on the front door of 520 Airy Avenue. Source⁠

April 29, 2010

• A judgment was entered against Raymond Horsch in the amount of $244,415.86, plus costs and interest. Source⁠

May 20, 2010

• Foreclosure proceedings moved toward a sheriff’s sale of 520 Airy Avenue. The real debt was listed as $244,415.86, plus $4,339.44 in interest, $334.75 in former costs, and $2,988.75 in other costs. The sheriff’s sale was initially scheduled for August 13, 2010. Source⁠

June 4, 2010

• At 10:09 a.m., a Bucks County Sheriff’s deputy formally levied upon the 520 Airy Avenue property as part of the foreclosure proceedings. Source⁠

August 2, 2010

• Judge Jeffrey L. Finley granted a reassessment of damages, increasing the amount owed to $252,431.92. Source⁠

October 21, 2010

• Raymond Horsch’s attorney, Jerome M. Brown, filed a Motion to Suppress Physical Evidence in Raymond’s federal criminal case. The defense argued that Montgomery was merely a guest and lacked authority to consent to a police search of the residence or basement, particularly because she told officers she had never entered the basement and that it was normally secured by a combination lock. The defense further argued that the subsequent search warrant was based on information obtained through the allegedly unlawful initial entry and asked the court to suppress all physical evidence seized from 520 Airy Avenue. Source⁠

December 10, 2010

• After several postponements, the sheriff’s sale sold 520 Airy Avenue to the plaintiff for $1,008.88. Source⁠

December 26, 2010

• Federal prosecutors filed a Superseding Indictment, Document 6, against Raymond Horsch in United States v. Horsch, Case No. 2:09-cr-00794-RBS, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Raymond was prosecuted for offenses arising from the July 22, 2009 marijuana-growing and firearms investigation. The later federal judgment confirms he pleaded guilty to Counts 2, 3, and 4, while the government moved to dismiss Count 1. Source

February 15, 2011

• The sheriff’s deed transferring 520 Airy Avenue to U.S. Bank, N.A., RASC 2006-EMX5 was recorded at 10:33 a.m. as Instrument 2011013965, Book 6655, Page 1725. The foreclosure therefore explains the previously identified $1,008 transaction: it was the result of the sheriff’s sale, not an ordinary sale by Raymond Horsch. Source⁠

July 3, 2012

• U.S. District Judge R. Barclay Surrick sentenced Raymond Horsch after his guilty pleas to Counts 2, 3, and 4. Raymond received 53 months in federal prison on Counts 2 and 4, to run concurrently, followed by 1 month on Count 3, to run consecutively, for a total sentence of 54 months in federal prison. Source

July 5, 2012

• Raymond Horsch’s judgment was formally filed as Document 49 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The judgment records his convictions for manufacturing or possessing with intent to manufacture 100 or more marijuana plants, possessing a short-barreled shotgun in furtherance of a drug-trafficking crime, and possessing a firearm and ammunition as a convicted felon. Source

June, 2013

• Raymond Horsch was released from federal custody following his sentence in the 2009 case.
• Horsch stated that while incarcerated, he wrote and published three novels and an anthology of short stories. According to the biography, he was released from federal prison in 2013. Source

March 5, 2013

• Cheltenham Township police stopped a vehicle near the Cheltenham Mall and recovered 1½ pounds of marijuana. Police said officers noticed burn marks on passenger Eugene Horsch’s hands and dirt beneath his fingernails, leading them to suspect a connection to a marijuana-growing operation. Eugene, 31, was arrested. Investigators subsequently traced the operation to a house Eugene owned on Chew Avenue near 4th Street in Philadelphia’s Olney section. Source

March 7, 2013

• Police announced that a search of Eugene Horsch’s Chew Avenue property resulted in the discovery of 190 marijuana plants and 20 pounds of prepackaged marijuana, which authorities estimated had a combined street value of $1.9 million. Source

March 8, 2013

• The marijuana investigation and seizure at Eugene Horsch’s Chew Avenue property were reported publicly. The report specifically identified Eugene as the owner of the Chew Avenue house, documenting his connection to the property more than a decade before the later investigation at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source

December 15, 2013

• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch published a video titled “All Stand Up,” set to the song by Amy Madden from the album Discarded Angels. The opening credits identify R.C. Horsch as the filmmaker and explicitly credit Amy McHale as the “Streetwalker.” Amy is also identifiable in the footage by the butterfly tattoo on her right thigh, an identifying feature later included in her missing-person information. The video documents that Amy continued to associate with her former husband, Raymond Horsch, years after their divorce. Source⁠

December 19, 2013

• Raymond C. “R.C.” Horsch’s former wife, Amy, commented on The Rialto Report’s interview with Horsch. She said she had known him for more than a decade and had been married to him for three years. Amy stated that she was present when The Rialto Report previously filmed an interview with Horsch at their home and said she had performed under the name “Samantha Sweet” in Neville’s S.O.N.Y., Taxi Tales, and other films. Source

March 3, 2014

• Raymond published several works, including Empathy: The Memoir of an Empathetic Serial Killer, Transgressions, Slaves, and Annie. Annie credited Raymond and his late wife Anna M. Ferkuniak, who had died in 1989. Source

The Memoir of an Empathetic Serial Killer, which was presented as an autobiographical memoir. In the prologue, Horsch described watching his grandmother suffer from stomach cancer when he was seven years old and believing that his father should have ended his grandparents’ suffering. Horsch wrote that although he was too young to know how to do so himself at the time, “But I learned.” Source

March 12, 2014

• A Wikipedia account using the name S. E. Stokowski was created and subsequently made numerous edits to the Wikipedia biography of R. C. Hörsch, including additions and updates concerning Horsch’s career, filmography, photographs, and other biographical information. The account’s extensive involvement with Horsch’s biography, together with its use of “Own work” when uploading photographs of Horsch to Wikimedia Commons, provides evidence of a close connection between the account and Horsch. Wikipedia later flagged the account’s editing of the biography as a potential conflict of interest. Source

June 3, 2014

• Philadelphia City Paper published an article by Mikala Jamison examining an exhibition of R.C. Horsch’s photography in Kensington. The article was titled “Naked prostitutes and heroin: Is the R.C. Horsch exhibit in Kensington art or porn, or a catalog of victims?” The exhibition and Horsch’s photographs prompted questions about whether his images constituted art, pornography, or exploitation of the women he photographed. Source

March 3, 2014

• R.C. Horsch published Annie, crediting his former wife Anna M. Ferkuniak Horsch as a co-author nearly 25 years after her death in August 1989. The book’s description presents the work as Anna’s memoir and includes a first-person foreword attributed to her stating that Horsch encouraged her to write it and ultimately put her story on paper. Bibliographic records list Anna M. Ferkuniak and R.C. Horsch as the authors and CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform as the publisher. Source⁠ 

• Raymond also published Transgressions, a collection attributed to R.C. Hörsch. Bibliographic records date the book to 2014. Source

January 4, 2016

• Nicole M. Montgomery, the woman who called police to Raymond Horsch’s Chalfont residence in July 2009 and whose call led to the discovery of the marijuana-growing operation, died at age 27. Montgomery’s mother later told The Philadelphia Inquirer that Nicole had struggled with heroin addiction and died from an overdose after relapsing. Source⁠

June 13, 2016

• Amy McHale went to Raymond Horsch’s residence at 417 W. Chew Avenue after an argument with her mother.
• McHale spoke with her mother that night and indicated that she intended to return home. Because McHale was intoxicated, her mother told her to remain where she was rather than travel by subway.

June 14, 2016

• 10:00 p.m. – Amy McHale was last seen along Broad and Olney Avenues in Philadelphia’s Olney section. Source

2016

• Detectives were suspicious of Raymond Horsch following Amy’s disappearance. Raymond and Amy’s daughter told investigators that Raymond did not have probable cause to obtain a search warrant at that time. Raymond subsequently stopped reaching out to Amy’s family. Source
• When Raymond was asked about Amy, he reportedly repeatedly told her family, “After this, I never heard from him.”

2017

• Raymond Horsch filmed Krista Killen using drugs and described her own behavior as “slow suicide.” Killen reflected on the scene with Raymond in Slaves and said Raymond asked, “Is he gonna f— kill me?” Killen later said, “This is a movie,” and Raymond reassured her, “I don’t want you to be scared.” Source
  • Killen lived intermittently with Raymond at the Olney residence while continuing to perform risky sex work. She ran errands for Raymond when his eyesight deteriorated, drove him around in an aging Chrysler luxury sedan, and helped care for him. Source
  • Raymond filmed a documentary titled Whore!, which included footage of Krista Killen under the elevated train tracks in Philadelphia. The film depicted Killen using drugs and describing her own behavior as “slow suicide.” Source
• Separate recovered video depicts Raymond “R.C.” Horsch handcuffing a woman to a bed and placing a zip tie around her neck before she becomes unconscious. Police identified the woman as Nicole Fusaro. Source

November 7, 2017

• Allstate Insurance Company, as subrogee of George Piermont, filed a motor-vehicle tort complaint seeking monetary damages against Raymond Horsch in Bucks County Court of Common Pleas. Raymond’s address was listed as 417 W. Chew Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19120. Source⁠

November 9, 2017

• Raymond Horsch was personally served with the complaint. Source⁠

January 3, 2018

• Judgment was entered in favor of Allstate Insurance Company and against Raymond Horsch for $7,023.29. Source⁠

April 23, 2018

• Allstate filed an Affidavit of No Insurance in the case. Source⁠

April 25, 2018

• The $7,023.29 judgment against Raymond Horsch was certified to Harrisburg. Source⁠

August 2022

• The last time Blair Tonzelli’s friend heard from her was August 2022. Tonzelli had spent time at Raymond Horsch’s West Chew Avenue residence and reportedly worked as his home health aide. Source

January 23, 2023

• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch published WorldView: An Outlier’s Essays and Opinions on Thought, Consciousness and Intelligence, a collection of essays examining human thought, consciousness, intelligence, and his concept of a “worldview.” The independently published paperback carries ISBN 9798366214063. 

February 2023

• Blair Tonzelli was reported missing. A friend told police she last saw Tonzelli at Raymond Horsch’s residence on Chew Avenue. Source

2023

• Raymond reportedly kept asking people about Blair Tonzelli after she disappeared, saying, “Where’s Blair?”  Source
• Krista Killen returned to Raymond’s house after being released from prison. She had been in and out of prison and rehabilitation facilities for years. Source
• Killen said Raymond sometimes picked her up at Philadelphia’s Somerset Station and took her to his home to sleep for a few hours. Source

2023 – 2024

• Killen lived intermittently at the West Chew Avenue property. Friends said she sometimes slept in an abandoned house, cars, or on the street when she was not staying there. Source
• One friend said Killen probably spent as many as seven people in the abandoned houses and cars at times and said women disappeared from the neighborhood regularly. Source

Late 2024

• After a years-long infection in Krista Killen’s leg, doctors amputated it above the knee. Approximately one year later, Killen developed a brain tumor. Source

May 2025

• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch died. Published biographical information identifies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as the cause of death.
• Raymond died before the 2026 searches of 417 W. Chew Avenue uncovered the extensive collection of photographs, videos, and other digital material that investigators are now reviewing in connection with multiple missing women. Source
• Three days after Raymond’s death, a lit cigarette sparked a fire in Krista Killen’s second-floor bedroom at the West Chew Avenue residence while she was away. The fire destroyed most of Killen’s belongings, leaving charred bricks and boarded-up windows. Source
• The fire led police to discover firearms and a marijuana-growing operation inside the property. Eugene Horsch was jailed again. Source

June 19, 2026

• Eugene Horsch’s encounter with a federal park ranger near Independence Mall led investigators back to the disappearance of Blair Tonzelli after the woman accompanying Eugene presented identification bearing Tonzelli’s name. Investigators determined the woman was not Tonzelli. The discovery ultimately redirected investigators toward 417 W. Chew Avenue, the home of Eugene’s father, Raymond “R.C.” Horsch, and led to the investigation of R.C.’s extensive collection of photographs, videos, computers, and writings. Source

September 24, 2026

• Philadelphia Common Pleas Court Judge Rose Marie DeFino-Nastasi ordered a temporary halt to the destruction of court records relating to Raymond C. Horsch’s 2009 child-luring case, which was expunged in 2015. The order followed an emergency motion filed by The Philadelphia Inquirer, which sought to preserve the records and obtain access to inspect and copy the filings. The newspaper discovered that the records still existed at Philadelphia’s Criminal Justice Center, but a court clerk refused access and said they should have been destroyed after the expungement. The judge directed the Office of Judicial Records to stop destroying or deleting any records associated with the case until further notice. A hearing was scheduled for September 28, 2026. The preservation order does not overturn the expungement or grant public access to the records. Source 

• See the Eugene Horsch Timeline for the complete June 19 encounter, subsequent searches of 417 W. Chew Avenue, and continuous case developments. See below Source

1980

• Eugene Horsch’s parents, Raymond “R.C.” Horsch and Myroslawa Anna Ferkuniak, married in Nevada while Raymond was a federal fugitive and was using the stolen identity of Dr. Stanley Eugene Stokowski. The couple subsequently traveled to New Zealand.

1981

• Eugene Albert Horsch was born to Raymond Horsch and Anna Ferkuniak while his father was still a fugitive from U.S. authorities. At the time, Raymond was living in Timaru, New Zealand, under the Stokowski identity. Using fraudulent academic credentials, Raymond had obtained employment as a chemist with an alternative-fuels company.

1984

• Raymond was caught attempting to re-enter New Zealand with five fraudulent passports, exposing his stolen identity and fugitive status.
• Raymond left New Zealand before authorities could prosecute him, leaving Anna and Eugene behind. Anna and Eugene subsequently returned to the United States.

1987

• Following Raymond’s early release from federal prison, the family lived in Northeast Philadelphia. Raymond worked as an IT director, and Anna cleaned houses.
• Horsch continued pursuing photography and filmmaking. Photographs from this period show him with cameras and photographic equipment, an interest that became an enduring part of his personal life. Source

1989

• Eugene’s mother, Myroslawa Anna Ferkuniak Horsch, died at age 39. Later reporting based on records states that Anna accidentally overdosed on glutethimide and codeine while sitting in the family’s living room.
• Eugene, who was seven years old, was reportedly in the room when his mother overdosed.
• Anna’s contemporary obituary described her death as occurring after a “lengthy illness.”
• Following Anna’s death, Raymond raised Eugene as a single father. Raymond and Eugene moved to a three-bedroom home in Chalfont, Bucks County, near other family members. Source

Early 1990s

• Eugene grew up in the Chalfont home while Raymond continued pursuing photography, filmmaking and other artistic projects. Raymond sometimes brought his work and models into the family residence.
• During this period, Raymond hired a teenage girl as a housekeeper. Her mother later told The Philadelphia Inquirer that the teenager was addicted to heroin and became involved in Raymond’s photography. Raymond and the woman later applied for a marriage license in 1999 but did not marry.

Late 1990s

• One of Eugene’s older cousins, described as one of his closest friends and a role model, died at age 19 in a convertible crash. Relatives told The Philadelphia Inquirer that the death had a significant effect on Eugene.

April 30, 1997

• Seth Aaron “Ari” Mitchell, 19, son of Helen M. Mitchell and the late Leonard R. Mitchell Jr. of Chalfont, died in an automobile accident. Ari was a student at Central Bucks West High School and was described as a gifted young artist and writer. He was survived by his mother, sister Cecilia Alane Mitchell, brother O. Reid Mitchell, and Grandmothers Mary Mitchell and Clara R. Hoersch, making Ari Ray Eugene Horsch’s cousin. His obituary was published May 7, 1997. Source⁠

1999

• Eugene Horsch’s senior yearbook from Central Bucks West High School included a dedication to his deceased cousin, writing, “Mad love to my cousin, rest in peace kid.” He also thanked his father, Raymond C. Horsch, for everything he had done for him. The yearbook confirms that his cousin had died by 1999, but does not establish the cousin’s identity, date of death, or cause of death. Source

1999 – 2003

• Drexel University confirmed that Eugene enrolled between 1999 and 2003.
• Horsch Sr. increasingly incorporated computers and digital technology into his photography, filmmaking, and record-keeping. The volume of material he retained would eventually result in an enormous digital archive. Source

May 11, 2003

• Eugene Horsch was arrested in Philadelphia following the 2003 motor-vehicle incident.
• Following a night of drinking at a Northeast Philadelphia bar, Eugene drove through a red light and struck another vehicle. The other driver suffered a catastrophic brain injury and remained in a vegetative state for approximately 16 years before dying.
• His court record identifies charges that included aggravated assault, aggravated assault while DUI, DUI, simple assault, possessing instruments of crime, and recklessly endangering another person. The case ultimately proceeded to the Court of Common Pleas as CP-51-CR-0610831-2003. Source⁠

January 26, 2004

• Eugene Horsch pleaded guilty to aggravated assault and aggravated assault by vehicle/DUI in Philadelphia case CP-51-CR-0610831-2003. Source
• He was sentenced to 2 to 4 years of confinement followed by 10 years of probation. He also pleaded guilty to DUI and received an additional sentence of 30 days to 1 year. Source⁠

September 2004

• Raymond married Amy Teresa McHale. They held their wedding reception at Raymond’s Chalfont property.
• Amy therefore became Eugene’s stepmother. Raymond and Amy’s marriage lasted only a few years, although Amy continued to have contact with Raymond after their divorce.

July 11, 2007

• Eugene Horsch was arrested in Montgomery County in case CP-46-CR-0008161-2007. He later pleaded guilty to use/possession of drug paraphernalia. Source⁠
• Note: Eugene A. Horsch was arrested in Montgomery County. Eugene had been released from his earlier prison sentence in 2006 and was not incarcerated when 417 West Chew Avenue was transferred to him several months later. The July 2007 criminal case remained pending at the time of the property transfer and ultimately resulted in Eugene pleading guilty to use or possession of drug paraphernalia on June 4, 2009, and receiving one year of probation.

October 1, 2007

• A Fee Simple Deed was executed transferring 417 West Chew Avenue directly from Helen M. Hoersch to Eugene A. Horsch for $1. Helen had died more than three years earlier. Raymond C. Horsch signed the deed on Helen’s behalf under her Power of Attorney. Eugene was not incarcerated at the time, although his criminal case stemming from the July 11, 2007 arrest remained pending. The deed does not show Raymond acquiring or owning the property before its transfer to Eugene. The available records do not establish what authority, if any, permitted Raymond to exercise Helen’s Power of Attorney after her death. Source

October 15, 2007

• The Philadelphia Real Estate Transfer Tax Certification identified Helen Hoersch as the grantor and Eugene A. Horsch as the grantee, listed consideration of $1, and described the transaction as a “Transfer from Great Aunt to Great Nephew.” Source

October 26, 2007

• Helen M. Hoersch’s 2000 Durable Power of Attorney was recorded with the Philadelphia Department of Records as Document No. 51798674. Immediately afterward, the October 1 deed transferring 417 West Chew Avenue from Helen to Eugene was recorded as Document No. 51798675. The consecutive document numbers establish that the previously unrecorded Power of Attorney and the deed were recorded sequentially on the same date. Source

December 7, 2007

• Eugene A. Horsch obtained a $25,000 mortgage secured by 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source
• Document Number: 2007.51830994
• The database classifies it as a stand-alone mortgage/refinancing or second trust deed, rather than another sale of the property.

June 4, 2009

• Eugene Horsch pleaded guilty to use/possession of drug paraphernalia in Montgomery County case CP-46-CR-0008161-2007 and was sentenced to one year of probation. Source⁠

August 4, 2009

• Eugene Horsch was arrested in Philadelphia in case MC-51-CR-0035773-2009, involving intentional possession of a controlled substance by a person not registered. Source⁠

August 24, 2009

• Eugene obtained a $64,000 revolving credit-line mortgage secured by 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source
• Document Number: 2009.52117607

2008

• Raymond Horsch and Amy McHale divorced. After the divorce, Amy moved in with her mother, Gloria McHale, on South Hutchinson Street in Philadelphia. Amy and Raymond remained on friendly terms, and Amy periodically returned to Raymond’s residence after he moved to West Chew Avenue in Olney. Source
• Amy’s daughter, Amanda Stofer, said she believed Amy continued returning partly because Raymond permitted drugs and alcohol in his home that were not allowed at Gloria’s residence.

2009

• Raymond Horsch became the subject of a federal criminal prosecution in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
• The federal case was filed as United States v. Raymond Horsch, Case No. 2:09-cr-00794-RBS.

December 14, 2010

• Eugene Horsch was found guilty of intentional possession of a controlled substance by a person not registered in Philadelphia case MC-51-CR-0035773-2009. The court imposed no further penalty. Source⁠

May 8, 2012

• Eugene Horsch pleaded guilty in Montgomery County case CP-46-CR-0000652-2012 to possession of a small amount of marijuana for personal use. He was sentenced to 30 days of probation. Source⁠

March 5, 2013

• Cheltenham Township police stopped a vehicle near the Cheltenham Mall and recovered 1½ pounds of marijuana. Police said officers noticed burn marks on passenger Eugene Horsch’s hands and dirt beneath his fingernails, leading them to suspect a connection to a marijuana-growing operation.  Source 
• Eugene, 31, was arrested. Investigators subsequently traced the operation to a house Eugene owned on Chew Avenue near 4th Street in Philadelphia’s Olney section. Source

March 7, 2013

• Philadelphia police reported recovering 190 marijuana plants and 20 pounds of packaged marijuana, with an estimated value of $1.9 million, during the investigation of Eugene Horsch. Authorities alleged that Horsch, who had four prior drug arrests, was trafficking marijuana.
• The report specifically identified Eugene as the owner of the Chew Avenue house, documenting his connection to the property more than a decade before the later investigation at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source
• Montgomery County prosecutors said the investigation involved suspected felony offenses in both Philadelphia and Montgomery counties. No additional suspects were being sought. Source 

February 7, 2014

• Eugene Horsch pleaded guilty in Montgomery County case CP-46-CR-0004613-2013 to two separate felony counts of manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance. Source
• The court imposed a 2- to 4-year confinement sentence on each felony count. Source⁠ 

June 2016

• Raymond Horsch’s former wife, Amy McHale, was staying at 417 W. Chew Avenue, where Raymond and Eugene were living.

June 13, 2016

• Amy McHale went to Raymond Horsch’s residence at 417 W. Chew Avenue after an argument with her mother.
• McHale spoke with her mother that night and indicated that she intended to return home. Because McHale was intoxicated, her mother told her to remain where she was rather than travel by subway.

June 14, 2016

• 10:00 p.m. – Amy McHale was last seen along Broad and Olney Avenues in Philadelphia’s Olney section. Source

November 27, 2016

• Nearly six months after Amy McHale disappeared, her mother, Gloria McHale, made a public appeal for information about her daughter. Gloria said Amy left home on June 13, 2016, wearing shorts and a tank top and carrying a small pocketbook. Source
• Gloria said Amy contacted her daughter the following day, but afterward the family could no longer reach her. Calls to Amy’s phone either rang or went directly to voicemail. Source 
• The report stated that Amy was last seen on June 14, 2016, at 10:00 p.m., near Broad and Olney Avenues in Philadelphia. She was described as 5 feet tall, approximately 140 pounds, with green eyes and shoulder-length brown hair. She had a butterfly tattoo on her right thigh and a small rose tattoo on her left shoulder. Source
• The Citizens Crime Commission offered a $1,000 reward for information leading to Amy’s whereabouts. Source

2017

• Metadata associated with video later recovered by investigators indicated that Raymond Horsch recorded material involving a woman inside a bedroom.
• According to Philadelphia police’s September 2026 description of the recovered video, the woman is depicted using drugs and receiving money from Raymond before being handcuffed to a bed.
• Police said the recording subsequently depicts Raymond placing a zip tie around the woman’s neck. The woman then appears to become unconscious or lifeless.
• Investigators have emphasized that the woman’s appearance in the recording does not by itself establish that she died.

2018

• Nicole Amanda Fusaro, 27, disappeared. Source
• Nicole has been missing from Kensington and Allegheny in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Source
• Years later, investigators reviewing Raymond Horsch’s digital material would examine whether Fusaro was the woman depicted in a disturbing video recovered during the investigation of 417 W. Chew Avenue.

2020

• Raymond maintained an online presence where he displayed some of his photographic work.
• Material associated with Raymond’s website included an image of Blair Tonzelli. In the photograph, Tonzelli appeared to have injuries to her face.
• The photograph later became significant as investigators examined Tonzelli’s disappearance and her connection to Raymond and the Chew Avenue property. Source

2022

• Blair Tonzelli reportedly spent time at 417 W. Chew Avenue and was described as Raymond’s home health aide. A friend later reported that he stopped hearing from Tonzelli in August 2022.

February 21, 2023

• Blair Tonzelli was reported missing in Philadelphia. Source
• Her missing-person information documented the case years before the 2026 investigation of the Horsch residence brought renewed attention to her disappearance. Source

2023 – 2025

• Eugene and Raymond continued living at 417 W. Chew Avenue.
• Raymond’s collection of photographs, videos, writings, and other material kept accumulating. Investigators would later recover an extraordinary quantity of physical and digital evidence associated with the residence.
• Friends of Krista Killen, a woman who stayed at the property, later alleged that Eugene once broke through the lock of the basement room where Killen was sleeping and entered carrying a firearm while threatening her. According to those accounts, Raymond intervened and pulled Eugene away. The account is an allegation from Killen’s friends and has not been established as a criminal conviction. Source

May 18, 2025

• Philadelphia firefighters responded to a fire at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source
• The response led authorities to discover evidence of a marijuana-growing operation at the property. The investigation at that time focused on narcotics activity rather than the missing women who would later become connected to the house.
• Eugene Horsch was arrested in Philadelphia in the case that became CP-51-CR-0004911-2025, involving felony manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance. Source⁠

May 2025

• Raymond Horsch died approximately one year before the investigation of his son Eugene Horsch led authorities back to 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source
• Raymond’s death meant that when investigators later discovered potentially incriminating photographs, videos, and writings attributed to him, he could no longer be questioned or prosecuted concerning what the material depicted.

July 24, 2025

• Court records identify active miscellaneous proceedings involving Eugene Horsch, including CP-51-MD-0003768-2025 and CP-51-MD-0003769-2025. Case CP-51-MD-0003769-2025 is identified in later court records as In Re: Horsch, Eugene Firearm and is directly related to Eugene’s later criminal docket. Source⁠

August 16, 2025

• Krista Killen died from an overdose, three months after Raymond’s death. Source

August 2025

• Following Krista Marie Killen’s death on August 16, 2025, her friends asked Eugene Horsch about funeral arrangements. Eugene reportedly told them that he had Krista cremated. Source
• A Google review later located under Eugene’s name described his experience arranging the cremation of an unidentified woman. Eugene wrote that he had purchased a marble urn “for her” and personally transferred her cremated remains from the temporary urn into the marble urn. The review does not identify the woman by name, but its description is consistent with Eugene’s reported statement that he arranged Krista’s cremation. Source

October 17, 2025

• IVQ Contracting LLC was registered as a Pennsylvania domestic limited liability company under entity number 14946546. Pennsylvania Department of State records list the company’s registered office as 417 W. Chew Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120-2332, the same property associated with Eugene Horsch and later searched by law enforcement during the investigation involving Eugene, his father Raymond Horsch, and multiple missing women. The publicly available business record does not identify an individual owner, member, manager, or organizer, so the registration at Eugene’s address does not by itself establish that Eugene owned or operated IVQ Contracting LLC. Source

November 21, 2025

• Eugene Horsch entered a negotiated guilty plea to felony manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance in Philadelphia case CP-51-CR-0004911-2025. Judge Zachary C. Shaffer sentenced him to three years of probation. Source⁠ 

March 2026

• Eugene was arrested again in March 2026 after allegedly stabbing a man in the stomach during a dispute involving a woman at Eighth and Market Streets. The case was later withdrawn when the alleged victim failed to appear in court, and Eugene was released from jail in May. Source

June 19, 2026

• 8:00 a.m. – Federal Park Ranger Paul Scholtz encountered Eugene in a black BMW near 6th and Market Streets in Philadelphia. Source
• A woman was in the rear seat. When Scholtz approached, he heard her say, “You’re going to hurt me!” Source
• A records check showed the identity the woman provided belonged to a person reported missing in Philadelphia. Source
• During the encounter, authorities recovered two loaded firearms from beneath Eugene’s driver’s seat, including a Taurus G2S .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol and an FIE Arminius Titan Tiger .38 Special revolver with an obliterated serial number. Source
• Investigators also recovered suspected crack cocaine, a cattle prod, collapsible baton, switchblade knives, police handcuffs, and handcuff keys. Source
• A canvas bag in Eugene’s trunk contained DEA badges and identification displaying Eugene’s photograph under the name “Eugene Fredrick Steiner.” The federal affidavit states that Eugene had never been employed by the DEA. Source
• The encounter became the event that ultimately drew renewed investigative attention to Eugene, Raymond, 417 W. Chew Avenue, and multiple missing women. Source

July – August 2026

• Investigators began systematically reviewing Raymond’s digital archive.
• Following Eugene’s arrest, DEA task-force officers developed probable cause and executed a search warrant at his residence on Chew Avenue. Deputy Commissioner Frank Vanore said investigators found a homemade laboratory in the basement, five urns believed to contain human ashes, and extensive digital evidence, including computers, hard drives, flash drives, DVRs, cameras, and phones.  Source
• 2017 Digital Evidence: Investigators recovered photographs with 2017 metadata depicting missing women Gabrielle Armando, 27, and Maribel Fresses, 26, inside the Chew Avenue residence appearing unconscious and injured. Vanore said both women remain missing, and investigators have recovered neither their bodies nor DNA evidence.  Source
• Separate recovered video depicts Raymond “R.C.” Horsch handcuffing a woman to a bed and placing a zip tie around her neck before she becomes unconscious. Police identified the woman as Nicole Fusaro, according to FOX 29 reporting cited by Fox News.
• As the review progressed, investigators identified missing women among the people depicted in Raymond’s material, including Gabrielle Amarando and Maribel Fresses.
• Investigators also revisited Raymond’s connections to Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli.

August 2026

• Investigators publicly disclosed that some recovered photographs and videos appeared to depict women injured, unconscious, or lifeless.
• The discoveries transformed the investigation from an examination of unusual material recovered from Raymond’s home into an investigation involving multiple missing women and possible deaths.

September 2026

• Investigators connected Nicole Amanda Fusaro to the growing investigation and continued examining whether she was the woman depicted in video showing Raymond placing a restraint around a woman’s neck.
• Investigators also identified additional women depicted in disturbing material whose identities were not publicly released.

September 16, 2026

• Philadelphia Police Commissioner Kevin J. Bethel, Deputy Commissioner Frank Vanore, and representatives of the FBI Philadelphia Field Office provided an update on the investigation at 417 W. Chew Avenue, the home owned by Eugene Horsch where his father, Raymond “R.C.” Horsch, had also lived. Investigators said they had recovered more than 1 million digital files, including photographs and videos stored on computers, hard drives, phones, and other devices. The FBI reported that investigators had reviewed only about 30% of the material.  Source
• Investigators said they had identified 58 people depicted in the recovered photographs and videos.
  • 16 people had been located and interviewed,
  • 25 were known to be alive, and investigators were working to contact them. Three people investigators contacted declined to speak with police.
  • Police also determined that 10 people depicted in the material later died from overdoses. 
• Police said five women are depicted in photographs or videos in circumstances where they appear injured, unconscious, or possibly dead. Investigators believe they have identified four of those five women, although authorities cautioned that the images alone do not establish that the women died and no bodies have been recovered.  Source
• Investigators disclosed that some recovered video depicts Raymond Horsch with women inside the residence. In one 2017 video, Raymond and a woman are naked before Raymond handcuffs the woman to a bed and places a zip tie around her neck. Police said the woman then becomes unconscious and appears lifeless. Deputy Commissioner Vanore stressed that investigators have not recovered her body and still need evidence corroborating what appears to occur in the video.  Source
• Police said investigators have encountered both material that appears to involve staged or “play-acting” scenes and material that could depict actual violence. Investigators are working to distinguish staged material from genuine criminal acts.  Source
• Authorities also disclosed that five urns believed to contain human cremated remains were recovered from the property. Investigators believe one contains Raymond Horsch’s remains, another contains the remains of his sister, and another contains the remains of a friend. The identities associated with the remaining two urns had not been established publicly. Police emphasized that no remains recovered at the property have been confirmed as belonging to any potential victim in the investigation.  Source
• The investigation continues to involve Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli, who remain missing, as well as women depicted in the recovered digital evidence. Police said no human remains belonging to the missing women have been recovered.  Source
• Investigators said the enormous volume of evidence means the review remains in its early stages. Authorities plan to return to 417 W. Chew Avenue with additional search warrants as the digital review identifies evidence requiring further investigation.  Source

September 21, 2026

• Philadelphia Police are investigating Raymond “R.C.” Horsch’s access to a Kensington crematorium as part of the investigation into the women connected to 417 W. Chew Avenue. A law-enforcement source familiar with the ongoing investigation confirmed that investigators are examining Horsch’s connection to the facility. Source
• Horsch reportedly gained access to the crematorium through an employee and was permitted to photograph and film human remains. People familiar with Horsch during that period said he provided the employee with drugs and cash in exchange for access. Source
• The crematorium operated as Liberty Cremations and was associated with the Garzone Funeral Home. Brothers Louis and Gerald Garzone later pleaded guilty in connection with an illegal body-parts operation involving more than 240 corpses. Law enforcement seized the funeral home and crematorium, and the facility ceased operating in 2007. Horsch was not charged or named as a defendant in that criminal case. Source
• A woman who worked with Horsch on several films beginning in 2003 said Horsch had bragged about gaining access to the crematorium through an employee named George, whom he paid with drugs. Four people familiar with Horsch and the crematorium identified the employee as George Newsome, who lived on Ruth Street, about one block from the crematorium, at a residence Horsch was known to frequent. Newsome was arrested for heroin possession in 2011 and cocaine possession in 2013 and died in 2014. Source
• Investigators are examining whether Horsch’s access to the crematorium connects to the current investigation. The publicly identified missing women connected to the investigation disappeared years after the crematorium ceased operating, and police have not established that any of their remains were taken to the facility. Source
• Horsch’s access to the crematorium is also being examined in connection with material he publicly displayed. During a 2014 art exhibition, Horsch showed what appeared to be autopsy photographs of an unidentified woman and video depicting a body being placed into an incinerator. Horsch claimed at the time that the material had been recorded at a Kensington facility where unidentified remains from the city morgue were cremated. Investigators continue working to determine which portions of Horsch’s photographs and videos depicted actual events and which were staged or fabricated. Source
• Investigators recovered five urns containing cremated remains from 417 W. Chew Avenue. Police believe three of the urns contain the remains of Raymond Horsch, his sister, and a friend. The identities of the cremated remains contained in the other two urns remain under investigation. Police have not publicly connected those unidentified remains to any of the missing women. Source

September 22, 2026

• The Philadelphia Inquirer reported previously undisclosed information about Raymond “R.C.” Horsch’s 2009 child-luring prosecution. Although the case was expunged in 2015, the original court file still exists at Philadelphia’s Criminal Justice Center. When reporters tried to inspect the file, a court clerk refused access and said the records should have been destroyed after the expungement and would ultimately be destroyed. The Inquirer sent a letter to administrative judges in Philadelphia’s First Judicial District asking them to preserve and unseal the records because they could contain information relevant to the ongoing investigation involving Horsch. The newspaper did not obtain or review the surviving expunged court records before publishing its report. Instead, the newspaper obtained details about the case through interviews with former Assistant District Attorney Jill Fertel, who prosecuted Horsch in the original Municipal Court case, and two other people familiar with the case. Fertel said the surviving court file may contain testimony, psychological evaluations, correspondence submitted during sentencing, and Horsch’s sexually violent predator assessment. Source⁠

September 23, 2026

• Former property-preservation contractor Dave Speldos provided the New Britain Township Police Department and FBI with photographs he took inside Raymond “R.C.” Horsch’s former Chalfont, Bucks County residence in November 2010, after the property had gone into foreclosure. Speldos said he was documenting the property before it was cleaned and secured. The photographs show piles of wigs and women’s underwear, sex toys, anatomically correct mannequins, a plaster mold of a human body with a knife in its back, remnants of the marijuana grow operation, and a full-size vault or panic-room-type structure in the basement. Authorities said they were aware of the Chalfont property, but, as of the report, had not investigated it as part of the current Horsch investigation. Source

September 26, 2026

• A previously unidentified woman told 6abc that she has now spoken with Philadelphia detectives and learned that she appears in some of the more than one million files recovered from 417 W. Chew Avenue. She said she met Raymond “R.C.” Horsch and Eugene Horsch in Camden, New Jersey, in 2012 while she was homeless and using drugs. She returned with them to the Chew Avenue house, where she said she used drugs, blacked out, and awoke to Raymond standing over her taking photographs.  Source⁠
• The woman said she escaped the house, but Raymond and Eugene later found her in Camden. She alleged that Eugene threatened her, telling her that he could kill her and no one would find her. According to the woman, detectives specifically questioned her about Eugene’s alleged threat and whether she believed other women had been taken to the property.  Source⁠
• The witness said she has provided investigators with names of women she believes are deceased and may be connected to the investigation. This potentially gives detectives additional individuals to compare against the unidentified women and other people appearing in the recovered digital evidence.  Source⁠
• 6abc also reports that investigators are expected to return to 417 W. Chew Avenue next week. A community meeting concerning the investigation is scheduled for Sunday in Olney.  Source⁠

September 27, 2026

• 2:00 p.m. – The Philadelphia Police Department’s 35th District scheduled a neighborhood meeting at 400 Chew Avenue in Philadelphia to discuss 417 West Chew Avenue. Residents and businesses in the surrounding area were invited to attend, including those in the 5600–5700 blocks of North 5th Street, North Lawrence Street, North 4th Street and North 3rd Street, and the 200–400 blocks of Chew Avenue. Councilmember Anthony Phillips of District 9 was also scheduled to attend. Source
• Philadelphia police met with approximately 100 residents at Olney Baptist Church to explain plans for another major search of 417 W. Chew Avenue, the former home of Raymond “R.C.” Horsch. Homicide Unit Staff Inspector Ernest Ransom said residents should expect a large police presence on September 28 and 29, but police declined to disclose what investigators would initially be doing at the property. Beginning October 5, investigators plan to bring heavy equipment onto the 400 block of Chew Avenue for what Ransom described as a “large project.” Police would not identify the equipment or disclose specifically what they are searching for. Street closures and parking restrictions are planned through October 16, primarily during daytime hours, although First Deputy Commissioner John Stanford cautioned residents that the operation could continue throughout October. Police also said a cruiser would remain stationed outside the Horsch property indefinitely. The renewed operation follows investigators’ examination of Horsch’s digital archive containing more than one million photographs and videos, which police believe depicts both staged and real violence and possibly murders. Horsch has been linked to at least seven missing women. Source⁠

September 28, 2026

• A new search warrant is being executed at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Investigators, including members of the FBI, arrived at the property this morning to begin another extensive search. Police said the new warrant was obtained after detectives reviewing the recovered digital evidence identified areas of the house they wanted to revisit. Source⁠
• The 400 block of W. Chew Avenue is closed at Lawrence Street on September 28 and September 29, 2026, from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. A more intensive phase of the investigation is scheduled for October 5 through October 16, 2026, when heavy construction equipment will be brought to the property. Authorities have not publicly disclosed which areas will be excavated or specifically what investigators are seeking. Source⁠
• Police and investigative sources have linked seven missing women to 417 W. Chew Avenue. Five have been publicly identified: Gabrielle Amarando, Maribel Fresses, Nicole Fusaro, Blair Tonzelli, and Amy McHale. Amarando, Fresses, and Fusaro are believed to be dead. Tonzelli and McHale remain missing. The identities of the other two women linked to the property have not been publicly disclosed. Source⁠

September 29, 2026

• Investigators are preparing for a substantially more invasive search of 417 W. Chew Avenue. Beginning next week, investigators are expected to remove floorboards and portions of walls while cataloging additional potential evidence and searching for DNA or other physical evidence connected to the women identified in Raymond Horsch’s photographs and videos. The expanded search could continue throughout October. Source⁠

October 2, 2026

• Investigators are preparing to begin a second, more invasive phase of the search warrant at 417 W. Chew Avenue on Monday, October 5. Sources said investigators plan to remove the remaining contents of the house, examine the property floor by floor, remove portions of walls and floorboards, and use luminol to search for traces of blood that may not be visible to the naked eye. Source⁠
• After the house is cleared, investigators are expected to bring heavy equipment to the property and dig up areas in both the front and back of 417 W. Chew Avenue. Temporary no-parking restrictions along Chew Avenue begin October 5 and are currently scheduled to remain in effect through October 19. No human remains have been reported recovered as of October 2, 2026. Source⁠
• Multiple law-enforcement sources confirmed that investigators now consider Raymond “R.C.” Horsch a suspected serial killer. Investigators believe Horsch may have killed multiple women connected to 417 W. Chew Avenue. At least seven missing women have been linked to the property, and investigators believe at least five are deceased. Source⁠
• Law-enforcement sources said investigators have reviewed video showing Raymond Horsch strangling a woman with a zip tie, evidence the sources said could implicate him in a murder. Investigators are also examining whether Horsch used wet cremation, a chemical process capable of breaking down human remains. Chemicals and pipes previously recovered from 417 W. Chew Avenue are part of that investigation. No human remains have been recovered from the property. Source⁠

October 5, 2026

• Phase 2 of the search at 417 W. Chew Avenue began today. Philadelphia Police and the FBI returned to the property to begin the more invasive portion of the search. Investigators are clearing the remaining contents of the house and plan to dismantle sections of the property, including lifting floorboards and potentially removing portions of walls, while searching for additional physical and forensic evidence. Source⁠
• Investigators plan to use luminol inside the house to identify possible traces of blood that are not visible to the naked eye. The FBI and Philadelphia Police also plan to bring heavy equipment to the property during this phase of the investigation. Areas selected for additional examination are being guided in part by what investigators observed while reviewing the photographs and videos previously recovered from the house. No human remains have been reported recovered as of October 5, 2026. Source⁠
• Investigators were observed actively working at 417 W. Chew Avenue during the new phase of the search, wearing white hazmat suits, and a new green evidence-processing tent was erected on the property. Philadelphia Police and FBI personnel are clearing the remainder of the residence before investigators begin removing floorboards and potentially portions of walls. The search is being directed in part by evidence observed in the photographs and videos previously recovered from the property. Source⁠
• Law-enforcement sources confirmed that laboratory testing remains pending in Chicago on chemical substances and unidentified sludge previously recovered from the makeshift laboratory in the basement of 417 W. Chew Avenue. Investigators are examining whether chemicals may have been used at the property to break down human remains in a process sometimes described as wet cremation. Source⁠
• FBI and Philadelphia Police forensic investigators began the floor-by-floor forensic search of 417 W. Chew Avenue. Agents and detectives were observed removing containers and furniture from the residence. Investigators are examining flooring, drywall, plaster, and other materials for blood, tissue, hair, fibers, and other physical evidence, and will remove portions of the interior for laboratory analysis if they detect potential evidence. Heavy equipment is now expected to be brought in next week to excavate portions of the property. No human remains have been recovered. Source⁠

October 6, 2026

• FBI investigators returned to 417 W. Chew Avenue for the second day of the latest forensic search. After investigators cleared and searched the first floor on October 5, the investigation is now moving into the basement, where authorities previously discovered the makeshift laboratory containing toxic chemicals. Investigators plan to use luminol to test the basement and other areas for traces of blood.  Source⁠
• Investigators moved into the basement of 417 W. Chew Avenue and began dismantling laboratory equipment found inside. A source close to the investigation described the basement as divided into multiple rooms and resembling an old high-school science laboratory. Investigators plan to use luminol to search the basement for traces of blood. Source
• 6:56 p.m., FOX 29 reported that investigators searching 417 W. Chew Avenue had begun removing portions of the structure itself. During the second day of the intensive forensic search, Philadelphia Police and FBI personnel removed a section of wall from the residence, along with a large television and additional evidence. Law-enforcement sources said investigators were concentrating on locating potential DNA evidence that could help establish what occurred inside the house. Source⁠

October 7, 2026

• Investigators removed two clogged sewer laterals from 417 W. Chew Avenue during the third day of the intensive forensic search. The pipes connected the Horsch residence to the main sewer line. One had been abandoned and was no longer in service because it was clogged. Both sewer pipes were taken to a laboratory for extensive forensic testing. Investigators are searching for DNA and other physical evidence that could establish whether any of the women believed to be depicted deceased in the recovered digital evidence were inside the residence. Authorities have not recovered human remains. Source⁠

June 15, 1978

• Krista Marie Killen was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was 47 years old when she died in 2025. Source⁠

1992

• At age 14, Krista said she began using heroin. In a later interview with photographer Jeffrey Stockbridge, she described what began as recreational drug use developing into a long-term addiction. Source⁠

1995

• At age 17, Krista said she began working for escort services. She also said she moved from Delaware County to the Philadelphia area during this period. Source⁠

2001

• Krista said she began working on Kensington Avenue in 2001. She described spending much of the following years there, interrupted by periods of incarceration. Source⁠

2003

• Krista appeared in Raymond “R.C.” Horsch’s film Slaves. She later recalled being frightened during a scene in which Raymond ate raw steak and drank theatrical blood. Krista remembered wondering whether Raymond was going to kill her. Raymond reassured her that they were making a movie and that he did not want her to be afraid. Source⁠

June 1, 2006

• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch was interviewed for Bizarre Magazine in a feature titled “Heroin Erotica: Taking Photos of Naked Junkies, Then Having Sex With Them: Art or Exploitation?” Horsch said the women depicted in his photographs were heroin users and confirmed that the drug use shown in the images was real. When asked who the women were, Horsch replied, “Human beings. That is the horror, isn’t it?”
• He stated that three women depicted in the series were already dead and claimed the woman featured in his Heroin Chic Revisited photograph died from an overdose about a week after the image was taken.
• Horsch said he generally did not pay the women or directly provide their drugs, but acknowledged that he would “certainly enable” them. He said he usually met the women through acquaintances and described his photography as intended to make viewers uncomfortable. When asked why the women agreed to be photographed, Horsch said some wanted to serve as a warning to others, while others may have believed the images would become their legacy and that they would die and “that the images would be all that the images would be all of their life had been and survived.” Source⁠

2009

• Photographer Jeffrey Stockbridge photographed and interviewed Krista for his Kensington Blues project. Krista spoke openly about heroin addiction, sex work, incarceration and her attempts to get clean. Source⁠
• At the time of the interview, Krista said she had recently spent about seven months in a recovery house after being released from incarceration but had relapsed about two months earlier. She said she was trying to obtain Suboxone and hoped to return to a recovery house. Source⁠

May 13, 2011

• Krista later identified this as the date she stopped using drugs. Source⁠

May 18, 2012

• Stockbridge published Krista’s earlier photographs and interview as part of his Kensington Blues project. Source⁠

September 2012

• Gabrielle Amarando, 22, disappeared in Philadelphia. Years later, investigators would recover photographs and video from the Horsch property showing Amarando alive inside 417 W. Chew Avenue and later appearing to be deceased. Source

February 2014

• Eugene Horsch was convicted of possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance and sentenced to two to four years in prison. Source

October 2, 2014

• Krista contacted Stockbridge to tell him she had gotten clean. She returned to his studio for new photographs and a follow-up interview. She said she had been clean since May 13, 2011. Source⁠
• Krista said she kept photographs of herself during active addiction as a reminder of what could happen if she used drugs again. At the time, she was reportedly volunteering at an animal shelter and training to become a veterinary technician. Source⁠

2016

• Later reporting places Krista living at Raymond Horsch’s 417 W. Chew Avenue residence on and off beginning by 2016. Raymond provided Krista with a place to stay, and she appeared in his photography and films. Friends later said Krista cared deeply about Raymond and regarded him as a protector. Source⁠

June 13, 2016

• Amy McHale went to Raymond Horsch’s residence at 417 W. Chew Avenue after an argument with her mother.
• McHale spoke with her mother that night and indicated that she intended to return home. Because McHale was intoxicated, her mother told her to remain where she was rather than travel by subway.

June 14, 2016

• 10:00 p.m. – Amy McHale was last seen along Broad and Olney Avenues in Philadelphia’s Olney section. Source
• Raymond Horsch was questioned over the years in connection with McHale’s disappearance, according to attorney Jerome Brown. No charges were filed against Raymond in connection with McHale before his death. Source

2017

• Raymond Horsch released Whore!, which prominently featured Krista. Footage showed her beneath the elevated train tracks in Philadelphia and documented her drug use. Raymond characterized her behavior as “slow suicide.” Source⁠
• Krista also discussed her earlier appearance in Slaves and her initial fear of Raymond during filming. Her continued participation provides a documented association with Raymond extending from at least 2003 through 2017. Source⁠

2017 – Gabrielle Amarando and Maribel Fresses Digital Evidence

• Digital evidence recovered years later from the West Chew Avenue property contains images of Gabrielle Amarando and Maribel Fresses with 2017 metadata, according to Philadelphia Deputy Police Commissioner Frank Vanore. This is particularly significant because Amarando had already been missing since September 2012, while Fresses would not be reported missing until 2018. 
• Investigators said the recovered material depicts Amarando and Fresses alive and, in later images, apparently injured, unconscious, or lifeless. Their bodies have not been recovered. 

2017 – Nicole Amanda Fusaro Digital Evidence

• Police said another video carrying 2017 metadata depicts Raymond Horsch in a bedroom with a woman. Investigators described the woman using drugs, receiving money from Raymond, and subsequently being handcuffed to a bed. Raymond is then seen placing and tightening a zip tie around her neck until she becomes unconscious and appears lifeless. 
• A family member identified the woman as Nicole Amanda Fusaro. Police emphasized that her fate cannot be conclusively established solely from the video because her body has never been recovered. 
• Important chronology: if the metadata is accurate, this video was created in 2017, while Fusaro’s established missing-person date is July 19, 2018. That discrepancy needs further investigation rather than assuming the video was made after her reported disappearance. 

2018

• Maribel Ivette Fresses, 27, disappeared in Philadelphia. Fresses had been staying in the Kensington area. Investigators would later discover photographs and videos recovered from the Horsch property that they say showed Fresses alive and subsequently appearing to be deceased. Source

July 19, 2018

• 9:00 p.m. Nicole Amanda Fusaro, 27, was last seen near Kensington and Allegheny avenues in Philadelphia. She was never heard from again. Source
• Years later, investigators would recover video they believe depicts Raymond Horsch strangling a woman to death. In September 2026, Fusaro’s family and law-enforcement sources identified the woman as Nicole Fusaro. Her remains have not been recovered. Source
• Fresses was born September 15, 1990. She is Hispanic, with brown hair and brown eyes, and had numerous identifiable tattoos, including a feather and birds on the right side of her neck, a Philadelphia Phillies “P” on the back of her neck, Hello Kitty on an upper arm, and “Queen” with a crown on her hand. Source

2018–2020

• Nicole’s mother, Diane, and her friends repeatedly searched Kensington for Nicole. Halloran-Koren said they distributed missing-person flyers and handed out sandwiches with flyers attached in an effort to get people in the neighborhood to look at Nicole’s photograph and provide information. Source⁠

2020

• By approximately 2020, Raymond Horsch had uploaded a nude photograph of Blair Tonzelli to his website. The photograph appeared to show Tonzelli with a black eye and blood running from her lower lip. The image remained featured on the site for years. Investigators have not publicly established when the photograph was taken. Source
• Nicole’s mother died without learning what happened to her daughter. Halloran-Koren subsequently continued the family’s efforts to find Nicole and obtain information about her disappearance. Source⁠

2021

• Krista was credited in another Raymond Horsch production, Transgressions. Public film records credit Krista under her own name and establish that her involvement with Raymond’s work continued nearly two decades after Slaves. Source⁠

August, 2022

• Blair Tonzelli was reportedly last seen at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Tonzelli had spent time at the Horsch property and had reportedly worked as a home health aide for Raymond Horsch. Source
• Reporting based on interviews with people who knew Tonzelli says Raymond picked her up from a Wensley Street house in Kensington and that Tonzelli sometimes stayed for extended periods at the West Chew Avenue house.

August 17, 2022

• Tonzelli made what has been reported as her last Facebook post. A friend, David McCarty, said he stopped hearing from her during August 2022. 

2023

• Krista continued staying intermittently at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Reporting indicates Raymond sometimes picked her up at Somerset Station and brought her back to the house so she could sleep for several hours. When she was not staying at Chew Avenue, friends said she sometimes slept in abandoned houses, vehicles or on the street. Source⁠
• As Raymond’s eyesight and health deteriorated, Krista increasingly helped him with errands and transportation and drove him in his Chrysler. Source⁠
• During this period, according to two of Krista’s friends, Eugene Horsch broke through the lock on the basement room where Krista was sleeping with her cat, BabyCat. The friends said Eugene entered carrying a firearm and threatened to kill Krista before the elderly Raymond intervened and pulled Eugene away. This account comes from Krista’s friends and is not presented as a criminal conviction or independently adjudicated finding. Source⁠

February 2023

• After months passed without contact, two of Tonzelli’s friends reported her missing. One reportedly told police Tonzelli had last been seen at Raymond Horsch’s West Chew Avenue house. 
• During the initial missing-person investigation, a friend told Philadelphia police that Tonzelli was last seen at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source

September 2023

• Approximately seven months after Tonzelli was reported missing, the nude photograph of Tonzelli remained prominently displayed on Raymond Horsch’s website. Source

2023

• A separate automobile incident later became the subject of a civil lawsuit. A motorist alleged that Raymond Horsch, Krista Killen and another man were involved in a collision between their Chrysler 300 and her SUV near Adams Avenue and Montour Street in Philadelphia. Court papers associated with the later lawsuit identified Krista’s occupation as “caregiver” and described her as the “adult in charge of residence.” Source⁠

2023 – 2024

• Krista continued living intermittently at 417 W. Chew Avenue. She had become one of the longest-standing women associated with Raymond and the property. Unlike Amy McHale, Blair Tonzelli, Gabrielle Amarando, Maribel Fresses and Nicole Fusaro, Krista is not a missing person. Source⁠

Late 2024

• After suffering from a serious infection in her leg, Krista underwent an above-the-knee amputation. Source⁠
• During the same general period, Krista’s cat BabyCat died from a brain tumor. Source⁠
• Halloran-Koren filed information concerning Nicole with the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs), adding her case to the national missing-person database. Source⁠

March 28, 2025

• An incident in Montgomery County resulted in a new criminal prosecution against Krista. The case was filed as Commonwealth v. Killen, MJ-38208-CR-0000215-2025, and was later transferred to Montgomery County Common Pleas as CP-46-CR-0004775-2025. Source⁠

May 18, 2025

• Philadelphia firefighters responded to a fire at 417 W. Chew Avenue. At the time, Eugene Horsch was reportedly living there with two women, including Krista. The fire was attributed to careless smoking on the second floor. Source⁠
• During the response, authorities discovered evidence of a marijuana-growing operation. Philadelphia narcotics investigators subsequently searched the property and recovered marijuana, mushrooms, methamphetamine, cash, firearms and ammunition. Krista was therefore documented as living at the property shortly before Raymond’s death and only three months before her own death. Source⁠

May 2025

• Raymond Horsch died. By the end of Raymond’s life, Krista had known him for more than two decades, had appeared repeatedly in his films and photography, had lived intermittently at his house, driven him as his eyesight deteriorated and helped care for him. Source⁠

August 16, 2025

• Krista Marie Killen died in Philadelphia at age 47. Her obituary confirms the date of death and states that services and interment were private. Source⁠
• Investigators later recovered Krista’s death certificate while searching 417 W. Chew Avenue. According to the affidavit subsequently reported by The Philadelphia Inquirer, her cause of death was drug intoxication. Source⁠

August 2025

• Eugene reportedly announced Krista’s death through Krista’s own Facebook account and claimed that the two had been in love and intended to marry. Friends disputed those claims. Source⁠
• When friends asked Eugene about funeral arrangements, he reportedly told them Krista had been cremated. This is separate from the later investigation of urns recovered at 417 W. Chew Avenue and, by itself, does not establish that any particular urn recovered by investigators contained Krista’s remains. Source⁠

August 26, 2025

• Ten days after Krista’s death, a certified court summons addressed to her in the pending Montgomery County criminal case was returned unclaimed. Source⁠

September 12, 2025

• Unaware through the court process that Krista had died, the Magisterial District Court proceeded with a preliminary hearing in her absence. Fourteen counts were reportedly held for court and a bench warrant was requested. The case subsequently proceeded to Montgomery County Common Pleas. Source⁠

June 19, 2026

• Blair Tonzelli Connection Leads Police to Horsch Investigation
• During the encounter involving Eugene Horsch near Independence Hall, a woman accompanying him presented identification bearing Blair Tonzelli’s name. Investigators determined the woman was not Tonzelli. 
• The woman reportedly told investigators she did not know Tonzelli and had not known Tonzelli was missing. The discovery of Tonzelli’s identity being used by another woman became one of the events connecting the missing-person investigation to the Horsch property. 

June 24, 2026

• More than ten months after Krista’s death, a Criminal Information was reportedly filed in the Montgomery County prosecution. The case is identified as CP-46-CR-0004775-2025. Source⁠

June 2026

• During the renewed investigation of 417 W. Chew Avenue, investigators recovered Krista’s death certificate from the property. Her presence in the house’s records became relevant because she had been one of Raymond Horsch’s longest-documented female associates. Source⁠

July 29, 2026

• A Pennsylvania court summary reportedly continued to list Krista’s 2025 criminal case as “Active Bench Warrant,” nearly one year after her death. Source⁠

August 12, 2026 

• Gabrielle Amarando and Maribel Fresses Identified.
• Philadelphia Police announced that investigators reviewing digital evidence recovered from the West Chew Avenue property had identified two missing women as Gabrielle Amarando and Maribel Fresses. 
• Investigators had recovered roughly 600,000 images, 70,000 videos, and 10,000 pages of writings and drawings from electronic devices associated with the property. 
• Inspector Raymond Evers said investigators found material showing the women alive, followed by material in which they appeared deceased. Investigators consulted the Medical Examiner’s Office, but without bodies the women cannot be formally declared deceased or have causes and manners of death determined. 
• Philadelphia homicide detectives contacted one of Nicole’s paternal relatives after investigators identified Nicole as the woman they believed was depicted in video recovered during the investigation of the Horsch property. The relative asked police not to publicly release Nicole’s name. Source⁠

September 10, 2026

• Halloran-Koren received a telephone call from another family member informing him that investigators believed Nicole was dead. Source⁠

September 15, 2026

• Nicole was publicly identified by her family as another missing woman connected to the investigation centered on the Horsch residence on West Chew Avenue. Halloran-Koren confirmed that family members had met with Philadelphia Police detectives about Nicole. Source

September 16, 2026

• Philadelphia Police Commissioner Kevin J. Bethel, Deputy Commissioner Frank Vanore, and representatives of the FBI Philadelphia Field Office provided an update on the investigation at 417 W. Chew Avenue, the home owned by Eugene Horsch where his father, Raymond “R.C.” Horsch, had also lived. Investigators said they had recovered more than 1 million digital files, including photographs and videos stored on computers, hard drives, phones and other devices. The FBI reported that investigators had reviewed only about 30% of the material.  Source
• Investigators said they had identified 58 people depicted in the recovered photographs and videos. Of those, investigators had located and interviewed 16 people, knew 25 were alive and were working to contact them, and three people contacted by investigators declined to speak with police. Police also determined that 10 people depicted in the material later died from overdoses.  Source
• Police said five women are depicted in photographs or videos in circumstances where they appear injured, unconscious or possibly dead. Investigators believe they have identified four of those five women, although authorities cautioned that the images alone do not establish that the women died and no bodies have been recovered.  Source
• Investigators disclosed that some recovered video depicts Raymond Horsch with women inside the residence. In one 2017 video, Raymond and a woman are naked before Raymond handcuffs the woman to a bed and places a zip tie around her neck. Police said the woman then becomes unconscious and appears lifeless. Deputy Commissioner Vanore stressed that investigators have not recovered her body and still need evidence corroborating what appears to occur in the video.  Source
• Police said investigators have encountered both material that appears to involve staged or “play-acting” scenes and material that could depict actual violence. Investigators are working to distinguish staged material from genuine criminal acts.  Source
• Authorities also disclosed that five urns believed to contain human cremated remains were recovered from the property. Investigators believe one contains Raymond Horsch’s remains, another contains the remains of his sister, and another contains the remains of a friend. The identities associated with the remaining two urns had not been established publicly. Police emphasized that no remains recovered at the property have been confirmed as belonging to any potential victim in the investigation.  Source
• The investigation continues to involve Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli, who remain missing, as well as women depicted in the recovered digital evidence. Police said no human remains belonging to the missing women have been recovered.  Source
• Investigators said the enormous volume of evidence means the review remains in its early stages. Authorities plan to return to 417 W. Chew Avenue with additional search warrants as the digital review identifies evidence requiring further investigation.  Source
• Halloran-Koren and his mother met with Philadelphia Police. Halloran-Koren said investigators told them they believed Nicole had died by strangulation inside the West Chew Avenue residence and that Raymond “R.C.” Horsch may have been responsible. Source⁠
• During a Philadelphia Police press conference, Deputy Commissioner Frank Vanore described video recovered during the investigation. According to Vanore, the video depicts a woman with Raymond Horsch inside the residence. The woman uses narcotics, is given money by Raymond, and is restrained to a bed with handcuffs. Raymond then places a zip tie around her neck, after which she becomes unconscious and appears lifeless. Vanore emphasized that investigators still needed evidence to corroborate what appeared to have occurred in the video because no body had been recovered. Source⁠
• Halloran-Koren confirmed that the woman depicted in the video was his cousin, Nicole Fusaro. Nicole’s remains have not been recovered. Source⁠
• Halloran-Koren said he was upset that the video details were publicly disclosed during the press conference because his family had not been told those details during their meeting with investigators earlier that day. Source⁠

September 18, 2026

• Halloran-Koren publicly remembered Nicole as a “kind-hearted spirit” who loved animals and spending time with friends. He said he wanted Nicole to be remembered for who she was, not only for what may have happened to her. Source⁠

CURRENTLY IDENTIFIED WOMEN

• Gabrielle Amarando: Missing September 2012; digital evidence with 2017 metadata; police believe she is deceased.
• Amy Teresa McHale: Missing June 2016; last known communications place her at Raymond Horsch’s West Chew Avenue residence; remains missing.
• Maribel Ivette Fresses: Missing/reported missing in 2018; digital evidence with 2017 metadata; police believe she is deceased.
• Nicole Amanda Fusaro: Missing July 19, 2018; family identified her as the woman depicted in the recovered Raymond Horsch video; remains not recovered.
• Blair Tonzelli: Disappeared August 2022; reported missing February 2023; associated with Raymond and the West Chew residence; identification bearing her name surfaced during Eugene Horsch’s June 2026 encounter; remains missing.
• Unidentified publicly, identified by police: Woman estimated to have been approximately 25 years old; name withheld.
• Jane Doe: Woman believed to have been in her 20s; identity remains unknown.

Known / Documented Horsch Connection

September 2012

• Gabrielle Amarando, 22, disappeared after her family stopped hearing from her. In 2026, Philadelphia Police identified Gabrielle in digital evidence recovered from the Horsch property. Investigators said recovered material with 2017 metadata depicts Gabrielle alive and later apparently injured, unconscious, or lifeless. Her remains have not been recovered. Source⁠

June 14, 2016

• Amy Teresa McHale, 44, Raymond Horsch’s former wife, disappeared after visiting Raymond at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Amy remained in contact with Raymond after their divorce and periodically stayed at his home. Her family reported that she communicated with them while at Raymond’s residence before disappearing. Amy remains missing. Source⁠

2017

• Digital evidence recovered from the Horsch property depicts Maribel Ivette Fresses. Philadelphia Police said metadata associated with the material dates to 2017 and shows Maribel alive in some images and later apparently injured, unconscious, or lifeless. Maribel was subsequently reported missing. Her remains have not been recovered. Source⁠

2017

• Philadelphia Police said metadata associated with a recovered video indicates it was recorded in 2017. The video depicts Raymond Horsch with a woman who uses narcotics, receives money, is handcuffed to a bed, and has a zip tie placed around her neck before becoming unconscious or appearing lifeless. Nicole Amanda Fusaro’s relatives later identified the woman as Nicole. Her remains have not been recovered. Source⁠

June 1, 2018

• Maribel Ivette Fresses, 27, is listed as missing from Philadelphia. Her case later became directly connected to the Horsch investigation after police identified her in digital evidence recovered from the Horsch property. Source⁠

July 19, 2018

• Nicole Amanda Fusaro, 27, disappeared in Philadelphia. Her case later became directly connected to the Horsch investigation after relatives identified Nicole as the woman depicted with Raymond Horsch in recovered video. Source⁠

August 1, 2022

• Blair Tonzelli, 33, disappeared after having an established association with Raymond Horsch. Raymond reportedly picked Blair up from Kensington, and she sometimes stayed at 417 W. Chew Avenue for extended periods. A photograph of Blair also appeared on Raymond’s website before her disappearance. Blair remains missing. Source⁠

August 16, 2025

• Krista Marie Killen, 47, died from drug intoxication. Krista had a long-term documented association with Raymond Horsch, lived intermittently at 417 W. Chew Avenue, and appeared in his productions, including Slaves, Whore! and Transgressions. Her connection to Raymond is established, but there is no public evidence that investigators consider her death a homicide. Source⁠

Possible Horsch Connection

June 25, 2000

• Tracy Lynn Myers, 21, disappeared after she was last seen getting into a dark green pickup truck in the 3500 block of Kensington Avenue. Tracy had a history of heroin use. Her disappearance, location, and circumstances warrant comparison with women Raymond Horsch later photographed and associated with in Kensington. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

May 27, 2005

• Christina Crespo, 26, disappeared after leaving her Philadelphia home. Christina had a drug dependency and was known to frequent Kensington and Allegheny Avenues. Her disappearance occurred within the same broader area where Raymond Horsch was known to associate with and photograph women struggling with addiction. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

September 6, 2006

• Kristin Leonetti, 23, disappeared in Philadelphia and reportedly spent time in Kensington. Her disappearance warrants comparison against Raymond Horsch’s archived photographs, films, websites, and known associates. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

August 23, 2009

• Toni Sharpless, 29, disappeared after leaving a residence in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. Her case has been included in community comparisons involving unresolved disappearances of Philadelphia-area women, but no direct connection to Raymond Horsch, Kensington, 417 W. Chew Avenue, or Horsch’s photographic work has been established. Source⁠

January 22, 2012

• Jill Paula Primavera, 28, disappeared after she was last seen near A Street and Allegheny Avenue in Philadelphia. Jill had a history of drug abuse, and her disappearance places her within the broader Kensington and Allegheny Avenue environment relevant to the Horsch investigation. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

February 19, 2012

• Chelsea Lee Ricker, 23, disappeared from her residence above the SKA Coffee Shop in the 2400 block of Kensington Avenue. Her documented presence in Kensington makes her case appropriate for comparison against Raymond Horsch’s archived photographs, models, and associates. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

May 25, 2014

• Felicia Vasques-Carmickel, 20, disappeared after having documented ties to the Philadelphia area, including Kensington. Her case warrants comparison against Raymond Horsch’s archived photographs and associates. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

June 3, 2014

• Amanda DeGuio, 24, disappeared after returning to her Drexel Hill home from Florida. Amanda had a history of heroin addiction and was known to frequent Upper Darby, Clifton Heights, Drexel Hill, and Philadelphia’s Overbrook section. No direct connection to Raymond Horsch has been established. Source⁠

February 5, 2016

• Jamie Barrera, 33, disappeared in Philadelphia and has been reported as having frequented Kensington. Her case warrants comparison against Raymond Horsch’s photographic archive and known associates. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

November 20, 2018

• Katherine Ann Demianczyk, 25, disappeared in Philadelphia. Independent missing-person research has reported that Katherine and Maribel Fresses, whose connection to the Horsch investigation is confirmed, associated with some of the same people. The possible Horsch connection was reportedly provided to law enforcement. Philadelphia Police have not publicly identified Katherine as connected to Horsch. Source⁠

January 5, 2019

• Anastasia Morales disappeared from the Allegheny Avenue and F Street area of Philadelphia. The location places her within the broader geographic area relevant to several women being researched in connection with Horsch. No direct connection to Raymond Horsch has been established. Source⁠

June 9, 2019

• Rebecca Lee Wilson, 31, disappeared from Philadelphia. Independent missing-person research has identified possible connections between Rebecca and people associated with the Horsch investigation. A photograph of Rebecca taken around the time of her disappearance was also reportedly found on websites connected to material similar to Raymond Horsch’s online photography. The information was reportedly supplied to law enforcement. Philadelphia Police have not publicly identified Rebecca as connected to Horsch. Source⁠

December 25, 2020

• Nicole Ferretti, 25, was reported missing after she was last seen in Philadelphia. Philadelphia Police stated that Nicole liked to visit South Philadelphia and Kensington Avenue. Her Kensington activity warrants comparison against Raymond Horsch’s archived photographs and associates. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

August 2021

• Cassandra Stinger was reported missing after losing contact with her family. Perkasie Borough Police said Cassandra had previously lived in Perkasie and Harleysville before moving to the 1500 block of Church Street in Philadelphia. Her identity should be compared against Horsch’s recovered and archived material, but no direct connection to Raymond Horsch has been established. Source⁠

June 26, 2023

• Deana Barton, 40, was reported missing in Philadelphia. Her case is included in the broader research comparison of Philadelphia-area missing women whose identities may warrant comparison against Raymond Horsch’s recovered and archived material. No direct connection to Horsch has been established. Source⁠

June 19, 2026

• 8:00 a.m. – Federal Park Ranger Paul Scholtz was on uniformed patrol at Independence National Historical Park when he observed a black BMW, Pennsylvania registration NCB7708, parked on the unit block of South 6th Street near the northeast corner of 6th and Market Streets. The BMW did not display the police placard required to park there and was parked beside a fire hydrant. Eugene Albert Horsch was identified as the driver. Source
• As Ranger Scholtz approached the driver’s side of the BMW, Horsch rolled down the window. Scholtz heard a woman in the back seat say words to the effect of, “You’re going to hurt me!” The ranger observed sores on Horsch’s arms and face and described the woman as having sores and moving in a twitchy and agitated manner consistent with stimulant drug use. Scholtz also saw a butane lighter in the driver’s door and tweezers in Horsch’s hand. Source
• Scholtz requested identifying information from Horsch and the woman. A records check confirmed the BMW was registered to Horsch but revealed the name the woman provided belonged to a person reported missing from Philadelphia. Source
• Because multiple pairs of scissors were visible near the front seat, Scholtz ordered Horsch out of the BMW for a frisk. When the driver’s door was opened, Horsch allegedly reached quickly underneath the driver’s seat. Ranger Sean Carey detained Horsch and recovered a switchblade knife and glass drug pipe from Horsch’s pockets. Source
• Carey checked the area underneath the driver’s seat and discovered two loaded firearms: a Taurus G2S .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol, serial number ABC419937, and an FIE Arminius Titan Tiger .38 Special revolver with an obliterated serial number. Source
• After the firearms were secured and the woman was removed from the BMW, Horsch allegedly stated without prompting, “they’re not hers; she’s a good girl.” Source
• Scholtz advised Horsch of his Miranda rights. According to the federal affidavit, Horsch did not invoke those rights and volunteered that the firearms did not belong to the woman and that he had crack cocaine in a compartment to the left of the steering wheel. When Scholtz asked whether he was a convicted felon, Horsch allegedly replied that he was. Source
• During a search of the BMW, Scholtz recovered a small amount of white powder from a folded piece of paper and a small plastic container containing a white rock-like substance suspected to be crack cocaine. Investigators also recovered a cattle prod and collapsible baton from the driver’s door. Source
• Inside a canvas bag in the trunk, Scholtz discovered a DEA badge and credential wallet containing another DEA badge and identification cards displaying Horsch’s photograph under the name “Eugene Fredrick Steiner,” badge number 07384. The DEA affidavit states Horsch had never been employed by the DEA. Investigators found another switchblade inside the bag. Source
• Investigators also recovered police handcuffs from the BMW’s glove compartment and several handcuff keys from the center console. Source

June 20, 2026

• Philadelphia Police arrested Horsch in connection with the June 19 incident. Municipal Court docket MC-51-CR-0011897-2026 identifies Philadelphia Police Officer Christopher Swinarski as the arresting officer and lists incident number 2609078515. Source
• Horsch was charged in Philadelphia Municipal Court with manufacture, delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or deliver; possession of a firearm prohibited; carrying a firearm without a license; intentional possession of a controlled substance; and carrying a firearm in public in Philadelphia. The listed offense date for all five charges was June 19. Source
• 12:38 p.m. – Horsch appeared for his preliminary arraignment. Monetary bail was set at $500,000 with 10% required. He remained in custody. Source

June 25, 2026

• Philadelphia Police Homicide investigators, federal agents, and other specialized personnel searched 417 W. Chew Avenue as the investigation expanded beyond the firearms and narcotics recovered from Horsch’s BMW.
• Investigators recovered extensive electronic evidence from the property, including computers and storage devices that would later become a major component of the investigation.
• Investigators also encountered chemicals, containers, and an unusual laboratory and plumbing configuration inside the property. The materials required specialized examination and eventually prompted assistance from federal forensic personnel. Source

June 26, 2026

• DEA Special Agent Curtis A. McRoy submitted a six-page affidavit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania supporting a federal criminal complaint and arrest warrant for Eugene Albert Horsch. McRoy stated that the affidavit was based on information developed between June 19 and June 26 and was submitted for the limited purpose of establishing probable cause. Source
• The affidavit documented Horsch’s prior Pennsylvania felony convictions, including a November 21, 2025 Philadelphia conviction for possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance, a February 7, 2014 Montgomery County conviction for possession with intent to distribute, and January 26, 2004 Philadelphia convictions for aggravated assault and aggravated assault by vehicle. Those convictions prohibited Horsch from possessing firearms under federal law. Source
• ATF advised investigators that both firearms recovered from the BMW had been manufactured outside Pennsylvania, establishing the interstate-commerce component of the federal firearms investigation. Source
• ATF Special Agent Brian Peters successfully test-fired both firearms recovered from the BMW and determined that both were operable and capable of expelling a projectile. Source
• U.S. Magistrate Judge Craig M. Straw approved the federal criminal complaint and arrest warrant. The federal matter was assigned Magistrate Number 26-mj-1270 and later became United States v. Eugene Albert Horsch, Case No. 2:26-cr-00296-JMY. Source

June 27, 2026

• Philadelphia Police requested assistance from the FBI Evidence Recovery Team as investigators continued processing the Chew Avenue property, chemicals, and extensive electronic evidence. Source

July 6, 2026

• 8:00 a.m. – Horsch’s scheduled Philadelphia Municipal Court preliminary hearing was continued at the Commonwealth’s request. Judge Francis W. McCloskey Jr. presided. Source

July 8, 2026

• A federal grand jury returned an indictment against Eugene Horsch in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in Case No. 2:26-cr-00296-JMY. The indictment was filed as Document 9. Source

July 22, 2026

• Philadelphia Police, FBI personnel, and Philadelphia Water Department crews returned to 417 W. Chew Avenue and began excavating outside the property.
• Investigators removed portions of the property’s sewer line, lateral, and trap for forensic examination. Investigators used heavy equipment to expose and remove sections of underground piping. Source
• No human remains were reported recovered during the excavation.

July 24, 2026

• Forensic testing determined that material recovered from the Chew Avenue property that investigators initially believed might be blood was not blood. Source
• Testing completed by that point had not identified DNA belonging to missing women Amy McHale or Blair Tonzelli. Source

July 27, 2026

• Containers of an unidentified oily substance recovered from the suspected laboratory at 417 W. Chew Avenue were sent to a Chicago laboratory for analysis. Investigators sought to identify the substance and determine what it could have been used for. Source

Early August 2026

• Investigators began the extensive forensic review of computers, hard drives and other electronic evidence seized during searches of 417 W. Chew Avenue.
• Investigators reported processing approximately 600,000 images, 70,000 videos and more than 10,000 pages of drawings and writings. At that stage, investigators estimated that only about 5% of the recovered digital material had been reviewed. Source

August 6, 2026

• 8:00 a.m. – Horsch’s continued preliminary hearing was scheduled before Philadelphia Municipal Court Judge Michael Parkinson. Source
• The Commonwealth withdrew all five state charges arising from the June 19 incident: possession with intent to deliver, prohibited possession of a firearm, carrying a firearm without a license, possession of a controlled substance, and carrying a firearm in public in Philadelphia. The docket records the August 6 disposition as final and the state case as closed. Source
• Philadelphia Municipal Court issued an Order of Trial Disposition and a Release of Prisoner entry to the Philadelphia Department of Prisons. Horsch remained subject to the separate federal prosecution. Source

August 12, 2026

• Philadelphia Police announced that analysis of digital evidence had connected two additional missing women, Gabrielle Amarando and Maribel Fresses, to the investigation.
• Investigators recovered photographs and videos depicting Amarando and Fresses at the Chew Avenue property. Other recovered images appeared to show the women injured, unconscious or lifeless. Neither woman’s remains had been recovered. Source
• Police described the matter as a death investigation while investigators continued attempting to determine what occurred and whether the recovered digital material documented actual crimes. Source

August 21, 2026

• Investigators’ examination of Raymond Horsch’s digital and online material revealed photographs involving missing woman Blair Tonzelli. A photograph uploaded to Raymond Horsch’s website showed Tonzelli with apparent facial injuries. Investigators continued examining Tonzelli’s relationship with the Horsch family and her connection to 417 W. Chew Avenue. Source

September 14, 2026

• Investigators had connected five missing women to the broader Chew Avenue investigation: Amy McHale, Blair Tonzelli, Gabrielle Amarando, Maribel Fresses and Nicole Amanda Fusaro.
• Law enforcement had obtained more than 95 search warrants during the investigation. Authorities said the warrants remained under seal because the investigation was ongoing. Source
• Based on digital evidence reviewed by investigators, authorities believed three of the missing women might be deceased. No remains belonging to the women had been recovered. Source

September 15, 2026

• Nicole Amanda Fusaro, who disappeared in 2018, was publicly identified as another missing woman connected to the investigation.
• Investigators were examining video believed to depict Raymond Horsch with a woman who becomes unconscious or lifeless. Fusaro’s family had been in contact with homicide investigators concerning the recording.
• The FBI substantially increased personnel assigned to the digital investigation as authorities worked through more than one million digital files recovered in connection with the property.

September 16, 2026

• Philadelphia Police Commissioner Kevin Bethel, Deputy Commissioner Frank Vanore and FBI Philadelphia Special Agent in Charge Wayne Jacobs provided a major update on the Chew Avenue investigation.
• Investigators said they had recovered more than one million pieces of digital evidence, including photographs, videos and writings.
• The FBI reported that investigators had completed only about 30% of the digital evidence review.
• Investigators had identified 58 women depicted in photographs or videos recovered during the investigation.
• Authorities said five women depicted in the material appeared injured, unconscious or lifeless and were of particular concern to investigators.
• Three of those women had already been publicly connected to the investigation: Gabrielle Amarando, Maribel Fresses and Nicole Fusaro.
• Investigators disclosed digital evidence involving two additional women. Police identified one as a 25-year-old woman, but did not publicly release her identity. Police had not yet identified another woman.
• Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli remained missing, bringing the number of women of particular investigative concern to seven when combined with the five women depicted in the digital evidence.
• Investigators reported that they had located and interviewed 16 people depicted in the recovered material.
• Investigators determined that another 10 people appearing in the material had subsequently died from drug overdoses.
• Police identified another 25 people known to be alive and were attempting to contact or interview them. Three additional people investigators contacted declined to speak with police.
• Police disclosed additional information about a video carrying 2017 metadata. Investigators said the recording depicts Raymond Horsch in a bedroom with a woman who is shown using drugs and receiving money from him.
• The recording subsequently depicts the woman handcuffed to a bed before Raymond Horsch allegedly places a zip tie around her neck.
• Police said the woman then appears to become unconscious and lifeless. Investigators emphasized that the recording alone did not establish her death, and her remains had not been recovered.
• Investigators said Raymond Horsch created films, photographs and other staged material. Detectives therefore must distinguish staged or fictional scenes from recordings that may document actual criminal conduct.
• The FBI said investigators intended to return to 417 W. Chew Avenue with additional search warrants as the investigation continued.
• As of September 16, no human remains belonging to the missing women had been recovered from the property.
• Eugene Horsch has not been charged with killing or causing the disappearance of any of the women connected to the investigation.

September 23, 2026

• Former property-preservation contractor Dave Speldos provided the New Britain Township Police Department and FBI with photographs he took inside Raymond “R.C.” Horsch’s former Chalfont, Bucks County residence in November 2010, after the property had gone into foreclosure. Speldos said he was documenting the property before it was cleaned and secured.
• The photographs show piles of wigs and women’s underwear, sex toys, anatomically correct mannequins, a plaster mold of a human body with a knife in its back, remnants of the marijuana grow operation, and a full-size vault or panic-room-type structure in the basement. Authorities said they were aware of the Chalfont property, but, as of the report, had not investigated it as part of the current Horsch investigation. Source

September 26, 2026

• A previously unidentified woman told 6abc that she has now spoken with Philadelphia detectives and learned that she appears in some of the more than one million files recovered from 417 W. Chew Avenue. She said she met Raymond “R.C.” Horsch and Eugene Horsch in Camden, New Jersey, in 2012 while she was homeless and using drugs. She returned with them to the Chew Avenue house, where she said she used drugs, blacked out, and awoke to Raymond standing over her taking photographs.  Source⁠
• The woman said she escaped the house, but Raymond and Eugene later found her in Camden. She alleged that Eugene threatened her, telling her that he could kill her and no one would find her. According to the woman, detectives specifically questioned her about Eugene’s alleged threat and whether she believed other women had been taken to the property.  Source⁠
• The witness said she has provided investigators with names of women she believes are deceased and may be connected to the investigation. This potentially gives detectives additional individuals to compare against the unidentified women and other people appearing in the recovered digital evidence.  Source⁠
• 6abc also reports that investigators are expected to return to 417 W. Chew Avenue next week. A community meeting concerning the investigation is scheduled for Sunday in Olney.  Source⁠

September 27, 2026

• 2:00 p.m. – The Philadelphia Police Department’s 35th District scheduled a neighborhood meeting at 400 Chew Avenue in Philadelphia to discuss 417 West Chew Avenue. Residents and businesses in the surrounding area were invited to attend, including those in the 5600–5700 blocks of North 5th Street, North Lawrence Street, North 4th Street and North 3rd Street, and the 200–400 blocks of Chew Avenue. Councilmember Anthony Phillips of District 9 was also scheduled to attend. Source
• Philadelphia police met with approximately 100 residents at Olney Baptist Church to explain plans for another major search of 417 W. Chew Avenue, the former home of Raymond “R.C.” Horsch. Homicide Unit Staff Inspector Ernest Ransom said residents should expect a large police presence on September 28 and 29, but police declined to disclose what investigators would initially be doing at the property. Beginning October 5, investigators plan to bring heavy equipment onto the 400 block of Chew Avenue for what Ransom described as a “large project.” Police would not identify the equipment or disclose specifically what they are searching for. Street closures and parking restrictions are planned through October 16, primarily during daytime hours, although First Deputy Commissioner John Stanford cautioned residents that the operation could continue throughout October. Police also said a cruiser would remain stationed outside the Horsch property indefinitely. The renewed operation follows investigators’ examination of Horsch’s digital archive containing more than one million photographs and videos, which police believe depicts both staged and real violence and possibly murders. Horsch has been linked to at least seven missing women. Source⁠

September 28, 2026

• A new search warrant is being executed at 417 W. Chew Avenue. Investigators, including members of the FBI, arrived at the property this morning to begin another extensive search. Police said the new warrant was obtained after detectives reviewing the recovered digital evidence identified areas of the house they wanted to revisit. Source⁠
• The 400 block of W. Chew Avenue is closed at Lawrence Street on September 28 and September 29, 2026, from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. A more intensive phase of the investigation is scheduled for October 5 through October 16, 2026, when heavy construction equipment will be brought to the property. Authorities have not publicly disclosed which areas will be excavated or specifically what investigators are seeking. Source⁠

September 29, 2026

• Investigators are preparing for a substantially more invasive search of 417 W. Chew Avenue. Beginning next week, investigators are expected to remove floorboards and portions of walls while cataloging additional potential evidence and searching for DNA or other physical evidence connected to the women identified in Raymond Horsch’s photographs and videos. The expanded search could continue throughout October. Source⁠

October 2, 2026

• Multiple law-enforcement sources confirmed that investigators now consider Raymond “R.C.” Horsch a suspected serial killer. Investigators believe Horsch may have killed multiple women connected to 417 W. Chew Avenue. At least seven missing women have been linked to the property, and investigators believe at least five are deceased. Source⁠
• Law-enforcement sources said investigators have reviewed video showing Raymond Horsch strangling a woman with a zip tie, evidence the sources said could implicate him in a murder. Investigators are also examining whether Horsch used wet cremation, a chemical process capable of breaking down human remains. Chemicals and pipes previously recovered from 417 W. Chew Avenue are part of that investigation. No human remains have been recovered from the property. Source⁠

October 5, 2026

• Phase 2 of the search at 417 W. Chew Avenue began today. Philadelphia Police and the FBI returned to the property to begin the more invasive portion of the search. Investigators are clearing the remaining contents of the house and plan to dismantle sections of the property, including lifting floorboards and potentially removing portions of walls, while searching for additional physical and forensic evidence. Source⁠
• Investigators plan to use luminol inside the house to identify possible traces of blood that are not visible to the naked eye. The FBI and Philadelphia Police also plan to bring heavy equipment to the property during this phase of the investigation. Areas selected for additional examination are being guided in part by what investigators observed while reviewing the photographs and videos previously recovered from the house. No human remains have been reported recovered as of October 5, 2026. Source⁠

October 6, 2026

• FBI investigators returned to 417 W. Chew Avenue for the second day of the latest forensic search. After investigators cleared and searched the first floor on October 5, the investigation is now moving into the basement, where authorities previously discovered the makeshift laboratory containing toxic chemicals. Investigators plan to use luminol to test the basement and other areas for traces of blood.  Source⁠

June 30, 2026

• Eugene Horsch appeared in federal court and was arraigned on a federal firearms charge stemming from the June 19 encounter. The court ordered him held in federal custody pending further proceedings. Source

July 1, 2026

• Reporting revealed that Philadelphia narcotics officers had searched 417 W. Chew Avenue in May 2025, approximately one year before the missing-person investigation. Police were now reexamining evidence and circumstances surrounding that earlier search. Source

July 9, 2026

• A federal grand jury indicted Eugene Albert Horsch on two counts: possession of a firearm by a convicted felon and possession of an unlawfully produced document and authentication feature. Source
• The federal indictment alleged that Horsch possessed a loaded .38 Special revolver with an obliterated serial number and a Taurus .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol despite his prior felony conviction. Source
• Prosecutors also alleged that Horsch possessed fraudulent identification documents appearing to have been issued by the DEA and FBI even though neither agency had issued the credentials. Source
• The DEA credential had been recovered during Horsch’s June 19 arrest. Investigators recovered fraudulent FBI credentials and a desktop computer from 417 W. Chew Avenue. Prosecutors alleged the computer may have been used to produce the false credentials. Source
• Horsch’s attorney, Jerome Brown, stated that the defense believed Horsch was innocent. Source

July 21, 2026

• Investigators prepared for a new phase of the search at 417 W. Chew Avenue involving excavation of the property and examination of underground piping. Philadelphia police said a section of pipe would be removed for forensic examination by the FBI and Philadelphia Police Department. Source

July 22, 2026

• 9:00 a.m. Philadelphia police and FBI personnel began excavating the front portion of 417 W. Chew Avenue. Crews dug into the former garden area, sidewalk, and street in front of the property. Source
• Investigators worked with the Philadelphia Water Department to expose and remove underground piping for forensic examination. Source
• Investigators examined whether chemicals were used in a process sometimes referred to as wet cremation, in which chemical solutions break down biological material. No human remains were reported recovered during the excavation. Source

July 24, 2026

• Law-enforcement sources reported that material initially believed to be a significant amount of blood inside the Horsch home had tested negative for blood. Source
• Forensic testing conducted to that point had also failed to identify DNA belonging to Blair Tonzelli or Amy McHale inside the property. Testing connected to the excavated piping remained part of the investigation. Source

August 2, 2026

• A detailed examination of Raymond Horsch’s history documented his decades of producing photographs, videos, novels, and other material involving women struggling with addiction. Some works portrayed simulated strangulation, drowning, and death. Raymond had also adopted an artistic persona involving an “empathetic” serial killer who killed people suffering from addiction to supposedly end their suffering. Source
• Investigators faced the task of determining which material recovered from the house represented staged fantasy and whether any portion documented actual crimes. Source

August 6, 2026

• Philadelphia prosecutors withdrew the state firearms and drug charges against Eugene Horsch because federal prosecutors had taken over the prosecution stemming from the June 19 arrest. Source
• Horsch remained in federal custody on the federal firearms and fraudulent-credentials charges. Source

August 12, 2026

• Philadelphia police announced a major development in the investigation. Investigators reviewing digital evidence seized from 417 W. Chew Avenue discovered photographs and videos depicting missing women Maribel Fresses and Gabrielle Amarando inside the property. Source
• Investigators found images and video showing both women alive. Other material appeared to depict Fresses and Amarando deceased inside the property. Source
• Police said they believed both women were dead if the recovered images and video were authentic and had not been altered. Neither woman’s body had been recovered. Source
• Because no bodies had been recovered, the Philadelphia Medical Examiner’s Office could not determine an official cause or manner of death. Source
• Police Inspector Raymond Evers said investigators had recovered approximately 600,000 images, 70,000 videos and more than 10,000 pages of writings, manuscripts and drawings from electronic devices connected to the property. Source
• Investigators had reviewed only approximately 5% to 7% of the digital material. Authorities warned that the examination would be lengthy and that additional victims or missing people could potentially be identified as the review continued. Source
• Police notified the families of Fresses and Amarando about the discoveries. Source
• At this stage, at least four missing women were connected to 417 W. Chew Avenue: Gabrielle Amarando, Maribel Fresses, Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli. Source

August 13, 2026

• Friends and relatives of Gabrielle Amarando publicly discussed her disappearance following the police announcement. Amarando’s childhood friend Ashley Levin said friends and family had grown concerned after they stopped hearing from her around 2012. Source

August 14, 2026

• Investigators continued working without having recovered the bodies or remains of Fresses or Amarando. Police were considering the unusual legal and investigative issues involved in establishing deaths without recovered remains. Source
• Authorities said no human remains or DNA from the missing women had been recovered from the property at that point. Source

August 21, 2026

• Reporting revealed that a nude photograph of Blair Tonzelli had appeared on Raymond Horsch’s website years before her disappearance was publicly connected to the property. In the photograph, Tonzelli appeared to have a black eye and blood running down her lower lip. Source
• Archived website information indicated Raymond had first uploaded the photograph around 2020. It remained part of his website after Tonzelli was reported missing in February 2023. Source
• The revelation raised additional questions about the original 2023 missing-person investigation because Tonzelli’s friend had told police she was last seen at the Chew Avenue property. Police declined to discuss details of the earlier investigation because the case was ongoing. Source

August 28, 2026

• Law-enforcement sources disclosed that investigators had recovered additional video from a hard drive at 417 W. Chew Avenue that they believed depicted Raymond “R.C.” Horsch strangling a woman to death inside the home. Source
• Unlike the material involving Fresses and Amarando, which showed the women alive and later apparently deceased, investigators believed the newly discovered footage showed the act that caused the third woman’s death. Source
• Police had notified a relative of the woman but initially did not publicly identify her. Investigators had not recovered her body. Source
• The discovery brought the number of missing women linked to the Chew Avenue property to at least five and the number whom investigators believed digital evidence showed to be deceased to at least three. Source
• Investigators continued reviewing approximately 50 hard drives and other electronic devices containing hundreds of thousands of photographs and videos. Authorities said the review and authentication process could take months. Source

September 3, 2026

• Reporting on Raymond Horsch’s historical court records revealed that a psychological evaluation had been conducted following his 1985 arrest. Those records had later been reviewed by federal prosecutors during his 2009 drug case. Raymond had never been charged with a violent crime before his death in May 2025. Source

September 11, 2026

• The woman depicted in the recovered strangulation video was identified by family members and law-enforcement sources as Nicole Amanda Fusaro, who had been missing since July 19, 2018. Source
• Fusaro’s cousin said the family had been informed that investigators believed the recovered footage depicted Raymond Horsch strangling Fusaro. NBC10 independently confirmed the video’s existence but reported that it had not independently confirmed the identity of the woman shown. Source
• Fusaro had been 27 when she disappeared from Kensington. Her mother, Diane, searched the neighborhood for her after she disappeared. Source
• Investigators had still not recovered Fusaro’s body. Source
• Investigators attributed the evidence involving Fusaro to Raymond Horsch, who died in May 2025. Eugene Horsch had not been charged in connection with Fusaro’s disappearance or death. Source

September 14, 2026

• Public reporting confirmed that investigators were now examining connections between five missing women, and the investigation centered on 417 W. Chew Avenue: Gabrielle Amarando, Amy McHale, Maribel Fresses, Blair Tonzelli and Nicole Fusaro. Source
• Digital evidence led investigators to believe that at least three of those women, Amarando, Fresses and Fusaro, were deceased. Investigators continued to look into the whereabouts of Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli. Source

September 15, 2026

• Nicole Fusaro’s family publicly confirmed that she was among the five missing women now connected to the investigation centered on the Horsch home. Source
• The five women identified in connection with the investigation were:
  • Gabrielle Amarando, missing since 2012.
  • Amy McHale, missing since June 2016 after last being heard from at 417 W. Chew Avenue.
  • Maribel Fresses, missing since 2018.
  • Nicole Amanda Fusaro, missing since July 19, 2018.
  • Blair Tonzelli, reported missing in February 2023 after reportedly last being seen at the Chew Avenue property in 2022. Source
• Investigators had recovered digital evidence they believe depicts Amarando and Fresses alive inside the Horsch property and later apparently deceased. Source
• Investigators also believe video recovered from the property depicts Raymond Horsch strangling Nicole Fusaro. Fusaro’s body has not been recovered. Source
• No bodies belonging to Amarando, Fresses, Fusaro, McHale or Tonzelli have been recovered from 417 W. Chew Avenue. Investigators continue attempting to determine what happened to the women and whether additional missing women are represented in the massive collection of digital evidence. Source
• Eugene Albert Horsch has not been charged with killing, kidnapping or causing the disappearance of any of the five women. His federal prosecution concerns possession of firearms by a convicted felon and fraudulent federal law-enforcement credentials. Source
• Raymond “R.C.” Horsch died in May 2025 and therefore cannot be criminally prosecuted. Investigators continue examining the extensive digital archive recovered from the property to determine what occurred inside 417 W. Chew Avenue and whether additional victims can be identified. Source

September 16, 2026

• Philadelphia Police Commissioner Kevin J. Bethel, Deputy Commissioner Frank Vanore, and representatives of the FBI Philadelphia Field Office provided an update on the investigation at 417 W. Chew Avenue, the home owned by Eugene Horsch where his father, Raymond “R.C.” Horsch, had also lived. Investigators said they had recovered more than 1 million digital files, including photographs and videos stored on computers, hard drives, phones and other devices. The FBI reported that investigators had reviewed only about 30% of the material.  Source
• Investigators said they had identified 58 people depicted in the recovered photographs and videos. Of those, 16 people had been located and interviewed, another 25 were known to be alive and investigators were working to contact them, and three people contacted by investigators declined to speak with police. Police also determined that 10 people depicted in the material later died from overdoses.  Source
• Police said five women are depicted in photographs or videos in circumstances where they appear injured, unconscious or possibly dead. Investigators believe they have identified four of those five women, although authorities cautioned that the images alone do not establish that the women died and no bodies have been recovered.  Source
• Investigators disclosed that some recovered video depicts Raymond Horsch with women inside the residence. In one 2017 video, Raymond and a woman are naked before Raymond handcuffs the woman to a bed and places a zip tie around her neck. Police said the woman then becomes unconscious and appears lifeless. Deputy Commissioner Vanore stressed that investigators have not recovered her body and still need evidence corroborating what appears to occur in the video.  Source
• Police said investigators have encountered both material that appears to involve staged or “play-acting” scenes and material that could depict actual violence. Investigators are working to distinguish staged material from genuine criminal acts.  Source
• Authorities also disclosed that five urns believed to contain human cremated remains were recovered from the property. Investigators believe one contains Raymond Horsch’s remains, another contains the remains of his sister, and another contains the remains of a friend. The identities associated with the remaining two urns had not been established publicly. Police emphasized that no remains recovered at the property have been confirmed as belonging to any potential victim in the investigation.  Source
• The investigation continues to involve Amy McHale and Blair Tonzelli, who remain missing, as well as women depicted in the recovered digital evidence. Police said no human remains belonging to the missing women have been recovered.  Source
• Investigators said the enormous volume of evidence means the review remains in its early stages. Authorities plan to return to 417 W. Chew Avenue with additional search warrants as the digital review identifies evidence requiring further investigation.  Source